“be known to”是英语中常用的被动语态短语,核心含义是“为……所熟知;被……知道”,强调某主体(人/事物)在特定对象(人群、范围)中的“被认知状态”。
主语是“被认知的对象”,“to”引出“认知的主体”(即“谁知道/熟悉主语”)。例如:
The singer is known to young people.(这位歌手为年轻人所熟知。)
This legend is known to the local villagers.(这个传说为当地村民所知道。)
“to”后直接跟认知的主体(可以是具体的人、群体或泛指的“大家”),说明“谁了解主语”。
Her generosity is known to everyone in the community.(她的慷慨为社区里的所有人熟知。)
The artist was known to only a small circle of friends in his early years.(这位艺术家早年只被一小圈朋友了解。)
用“it”作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的“that从句”,表示“某人知道/众所周知……”。
It is known to scientists that sleep is essential for memory consolidation.(科学家们知道,睡眠对记忆巩固至关重要。)
It was known to us all that he had quit his job.(我们都知道他已经辞职了。)
注意“be known”的常见搭配差异:
be known to:强调“被谁知道”(对象);
be known for:强调“因……而闻名”(原因,后接特点/成就);
be known as:强调“作为……而闻名”(身份/称号,后接名词)。
例如:
Li Bai is known to Chinese people.(李白为中国人所熟知。)
Li Bai is known for his romantic poetry.(李白因浪漫主义诗歌闻名。)
Li Bai is known as "the Poet Immortal".(李白被称为“诗仙”。)
根据语境用不同时态,保持“be”动词与主语一致:
一般现在时(描述现在的状态):The museum is known to tourists.(这座博物馆为游客所知。)
一般过去时(描述过去的状态):The secret was known to no one at that time.(当时没人知道这个秘密。)
“be known to”的关键是“被……认知”,核心逻辑是“主语→被知道→by whom?(to后的对象)”。掌握它与“for/as”的区别,就能准确表达“知名度的对象、原因或身份”。