英语短语 "too…to…" 是初中到高中阶段的核心语法点之一,核心逻辑是 “通过‘太…’的程度,引出‘不能/无法做某事’的结果”,但需注意特殊场景下的语义变化。以下是详细拆解:
用“too + 形容词/副词”强调程度过高,导致“to do”的动作无法实现。
形容词例:
He is too young to go to school.
(他太小了,不能上学。)
The coffee is too hot to drink.
(咖啡太烫,喝不了。)
副词例:
She speaks too fast to understand.
(她说话太快,听不懂。)
He ran too slowly to win the race.
(他跑得太慢,赢不了比赛。)
若需指出“针对谁”无法完成动作,可在`too…to…`中间插入`for sb.`,结构变为:
`too + 形容词/副词 + for sb. + to do sth.`
The box is too heavy for me to carry.
(这个箱子对我来说太重,搬不动。)
The math problem is too difficult for her to solve.
(这道数学题对她来说太难,解不出来。)
当`too`后接表示“情绪/态度”的形容词(如 glad, happy, pleased, eager, willing 等)时,“too…to…”不再表否定,而是强调“非常…(以至于愿意做某事)”。
I'm too glad to see you again.
(再次见到你,我太高兴了!)
She is too eager to start her new job.
(她非常渴望开始新工作。)
当`too`前加`only`时,语义变为“非常…(以至于很乐意做某事)”,是更口语化的肯定表达。
I'm only too happy to help you with your homework.
(我非常乐意帮你辅导作业。)
He was only too eager to join the team.
(他极其渴望加入这个团队。)
1、 避免重复逻辑宾语
当“to do”的逻辑宾语是句子主语时,不能再加代词(it/them等),否则重复。
❌ 错误:The book is too boring to read it.
✅ 正确:The book is too boring to read.
(书太无聊,没法读。——“read”的宾语就是“the book”,无需加it。)
2、 不及物动词需补介词
若“to do”是不及物动词,需根据语境补介词,否则语义不完整。
❌ 错误:He is too tired to go (缺介词).
✅ 正确:He is too tired to go to the party.
(他太累了,没法去派对。)
3、 与“enough to…”的对比
“too…to…”表“太…不能…”(否定),“enough to…”表“足够…能…”(肯定),二者是反义结构:
He is too short to reach the shelf.
(他太矮,够不到架子。)
He is tall enough to reach the shelf.
(他够高,能碰到架子。)
“too…to…”的核心是“程度→结果”:
一般情况:程度过高→无法做某事(否定);
特殊形容词/加only:程度过高→非常愿意做某事(肯定)。
掌握这些规律,就能轻松应对各种场景啦!