"be off and on" 是口语化的形容词性短语,表示某件事/状态“断断续续、时有时无、忽停忽续”(不是持续稳定的,而是有间隔地发生或存在)。
它的同义表达是 "be on and off"(词序相反,意思完全一致)。
作为系表结构(系动词 + 表语),通常放在 be动词(am/is/are/was/were) 或其他系动词(如 seem、feel 等)之后,修饰主语(多为抽象事物、人际关系、活动或自然现象)。
以下是常见的使用场景及例子,帮助理解:
主语多为 "relationship、friendship" 等,强调“分分合合、时好时坏”。
Their relationship has been off and on for 5 years—they break up every few months but always get back together.
(他们的关系已经断断续续5年了——每隔几个月就分手,但总能复合。)
My friendship with Lisa is on and off; we don’t talk for weeks, then suddenly hang out again.
(我和莉萨的友谊时断时续;我们几周不联系,然后突然又一起玩。)
主语多为 "study、practice、work、attendance" 等,强调“没有持续进行”。
I’ve been learning guitar off and on since high school, but I still can’t play a full song.
(我从高中就断断续续学吉他,但还是弹不完一首完整的歌。)
His attendance at work is on and off—he’s either late or absent half the time.
(他的上班考勤时好时坏——一半时间要么迟到要么旷工。)
主语多为 "rain、power、Wi-Fi、pain" 等,强调“时有时无、忽强忽弱”。
The rain was off and on all day—sunny one minute, pouring the next.
(整天下雨断断续续——一会儿晴天,一会儿暴雨。)
The Wi-Fi here is always on and off; I can’t even load a webpage properly.
(这里的Wi-Fi总是时断时续,我甚至没法正常加载网页。)
主语多为 "headache、pain、fever" 等,强调“症状反复”。
Her back pain has been off and on for months—some days she’s fine, others she can’t move.
(她的背痛已经断断续续几个月了——有时没事,有时动都动不了。)
"off and on" 本身可作副词短语,直接修饰动词(不需要系动词),表示“断断续续地”:
I practice yoga off and on(= I don’t practice yoga continuously).
(我断断续续练瑜伽。)
"be off and on" 是系表结构,作表语(需要系动词),修饰主语(名词/动名词):
My yoga practice is off and on(= My yoga practice isn’t continuous).
(我的瑜伽练习断断续续。)
同义词:intermittent(正式,“间歇的”)、sporadic(“零散的”)、on-again-off-again(口语,“时断时续的”)。
反义词:continuous(“持续的”)、steady(“稳定的”)、non-stop(“不停的”)。
总结:"be off and on" 是口语中常用的短语,核心是“非持续、有间隔”,适用于描述各种“时断时续”的状态或事件。