英语短语"not...but..."的核心含义是“不是…而是…”,用于否定前者、肯定后者,突出两者之间的对比或纠正误解。它是英语中表达“取舍/转折”的经典结构,重点在于强调“真实情况是后者而非前者”。
"not A but B" = 否定A的正确性,肯定B的真实性,即“真实的情况是B,而非A”。
例如:
It's not a pen but a pencil.(这不是钢笔,而是铅笔。)
She didn't come late but left early.(她不是迟到了,而是早退了。)
"not...but..."的核心要求是连接的成分需平行(即A和B的语法功能一致,如都是名词、动词、形容词、从句等),否则会出现结构混乱。以下是常见的应用场景:
用于否定和肯定人/物/事,通常作主语、宾语或表语。
主语:Not he but I am to blame.(该受责备的不是他,而是我。)
注:主谓一致遵循“就近原则”——谓语动词与后面的B(I)保持一致
表语:My goal is not to win but to learn.(我的目标不是赢,而是学习。)
宾语:I want not money but respect.(我要的不是钱,而是尊重。)
否定和肯定动作或行为。
He doesn't like playing games but reading books.(他不喜欢打游戏,而是喜欢读书。)
They decided not to stay home but to go hiking.(他们决定不待在家里,而是去徒步。)
否定和肯定性质或状态。
The problem is not difficult but simple.(这个问题不是难,而是简单。)
She spoke not loudly but softly.(她说话不是大声,而是轻声。)
否定和肯定完整的句子内容,常用于解释原因或纠正观点。
Not that I don't trust you, but that I have no choice.(不是我不信任你,而是我别无选择。)
注:"not that...but that..."是固定结构,等于“不是因为…而是因为…”
The reason I left early was not that I was tired but that I had an appointment.(我早退不是因为累,而是因为有约会。)
当上下文明确时,可省略重复的成分,只保留关键对比部分。
—When will you come? —Not today but tomorrow.(—你什么时候来?—不是今天,而是明天。)
—Is this your bag? —Not mine but hers.(—这是你的包吗?—不是我的,而是她的。)
1、 平行结构:A和B必须是同一类语法成分(如都是名词/动词/从句),否则句子不成立。
✖ 错误:He likes not singing but to dance.(singing是动名词,to dance是不定式,不平行)
✔ 正确:He likes not singing but dancing.(都是动名词)
2、 主谓一致:当连接两个主语时,谓语动词与后面的B保持一致(就近原则)。
Not the teacher but the students are responsible.(不是老师,而是学生要负责。)
Not you but he is wrong.(不是你,而是他错了。)
3、 与"not only...but also..."的区别:
"not...but...":否定前者,肯定后者(转折/对比);
"not only...but also...":肯定两者,强调“不仅…而且…”(递进)。
例如:
She is not a teacher but a doctor.(她不是老师,而是医生。)
She is not only a teacher but also a doctor.(她不仅是老师,还是医生。)
The book is not mine but my sister's.(这本书不是我的,而是我姐姐的。)
I didn't buy the dress because it was expensive but because it didn't fit.(我没买那条裙子不是因为贵,而是因为不合身。)
Not what you say but what you do matters.(重要的不是你说什么,而是你做什么。)
总之,"not...but..."是一个强调“真实情况”的对比结构,核心是“否定错误选项,肯定正确选项”。掌握它的关键是保持平行结构,并注意主谓一致~