"sum up"是英语中常用的短语动词,核心含义围绕“整合、提炼信息”,具体意思和用法可分为以下几类:
指将零散的信息、观点或事件提炼为简洁的核心内容,是口语和书面语中高频使用的“总结表达”。
1、 及物动词短语:直接接宾语(可分开为"sum sth. up",代词作宾语时必须放中间)
Let me sum up the main points of the lecture.(我来总结一下讲座的要点。)
Can you sum it up in one sentence?(你能用一句话概括吗?)
She summed her argument up clearly.(她清晰地总结了自己的论点。)
2、 不及物动词短语:后面不接宾语,强调“进行总结”的动作
After hearing everyone's opinion, the chairperson summed up briefly.(听完大家的意见后,主席简要总结了一下。)
Let's sum up before we end the meeting.(会议结束前我们总结一下吧。)
3、 被动结构"be summed up as...":表示“被总结为...”(强调核心本质)
His philosophy can be summed up as "live and let live".(他的哲学可以总结为“己所不欲,勿施于人”/“包容共存”。)
The movie's message is summed up in its final line: "Love conquers all."(电影的主旨被最后一句台词概括:“爱能战胜一切”。)
指把数字、金额等加起来得到总和(更偏向“计算”,不如“总结”常用)。
Could you sum up these expenses for me?(你能帮我算一下这些开支的总数吗?)
The waiter summed up the bill and handed it to us.(服务员算了账单总额,然后递给我们。)
指快速对人或情况做出整体判断(多用于口语)。
I summed him up as a reliable person within five minutes of meeting him.(见面五分钟内,我就判断他是个可靠的人。)
Before making a decision, you need to sum up the situation carefully.(做决定前,你需要仔细评估局势。)
sum up the meeting(总结会议)
sum up one's experience(总结经验)
sum up the year(总结一年的情况)
sum up the key issues(概括关键问题)
作为“总结”时,sum up比"conclude"更口语化,比"recap"(回顾)更强调“提炼核心”;
代词作宾语时,必须放在"sum"和"up"中间(如sum it up,不能说sum up it);
被动结构"be summed up as..."是表达“核心本质”的常用句式。
例句串讲:At the end of the presentation, the speaker summed up the key findings (总结关键发现). She said the research could be summed up as "technology improves efficiency but needs regulation" (核心结论是“技术提高效率但需监管”). Then she summed up the Q&A session (总结问答环节) and thanked everyone for their time.
通过这些例子,应该能清晰掌握"sum up"的用法啦!