“by doing sth.”是英语中高频核心短语,核心含义是“通过做某事(的方式/手段)”,用来解释“如何达成某个结果或目的”,强调行为的方式、方法或途径。
“by”是介词,此处表“凭借;通过;以…方式”,“doing sth.”是动名词(动词+ing)作介词宾语,整体说明“做某事的具体方式”。
用于回答“How...?”(如何…?)的问题,说明“用什么方法做到某事”。
例1:How do you improve your pronunciation? 你怎么提高发音?
I improve my pronunciation by reading aloud every morning. 我通过每天早上朗读来提高发音。
例2:She lost weight by eating less and exercising more. 她通过少吃多运动减肥。
句中(常用):主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + by doing sth.
He passed the exam by studying hard for a month. 他通过一个月努力学习通过了考试。
句首(强调方式,需用逗号隔开):By doing sth., 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语.
By practicing every day, you can play the piano well. 通过每天练习,你能弹好钢琴。“so”指代前文提到的行为,意为“通过这样做;借此”,用于衔接上下文。
He saved money for a year. By doing so, he could afford a new bike. 他攒了一年钱,通过这样做,他能买得起新自行车了。
不能接动词原形(do)或不定式(to do)!
❌ 错误:I learn English by watch movies.
✅ 正确:I learn English by watching movies.
by doing sth.: 强调“行为动作”(通过做某件事);
with + 工具/材料: 强调“具体工具”(用…东西);
例:Write with a pen.(用钢笔写)→ 工具;Write by practicing every day.(通过每天练习写)→ 方式。
through doing sth.: 更正式,强调“通过经历/过程”(比by更侧重“过程性”);
例:He gained experience through working in different cities.(他通过在不同城市工作获得经验)。
“by doing sth.”的本质是“用…行为方式达成…结果”,是英语中解释“方法、途径”最常用的结构,只要记住“介词后接动名词”和“回答How的问题”这两个关键点,就能灵活使用啦!
简单测试:用“by doing sth.”翻译句子——“我通过听音乐放松。”答案:I relax by listening to music.