该短语的常见搭配有两种,且 介词 `in` 常可省略(尤其是口语中):
强调“做某件具体的事有困难”,结构为:
修饰词:可加 `great`(很大)、`little`(几乎没有)、`no`(没有)等词,细化困难程度;
`in` 省略:口语中更常见,不影响含义。
I have great difficulty (in) understanding spoken English.(我理解英语口语有很大困难。)
She had no difficulty (in) finding her way to the museum.(她找到去博物馆的路毫无困难。)
Do you have any difficulty (in) learning math?(你学数学有困难吗?)
强调“应对某事物(如学科、技能、问题等)有困难”,结构为:
He has difficulty with Chinese grammar.(他在汉语语法方面有困难。)
They had little difficulty with the new computer system.(他们用新电脑系统几乎没困难。)
1、 difficulty 的数:
表示“抽象的困难”时,不可数(如 `have difficulty in doing`);
表示“具体的难题/困境”时,可数(如 `face many difficulties` 面临许多困难)。
2、 易错点:
不要误用为 have difficulty to do(×),因为 `difficulty` 后接“做某事”时,需用动名词(doing)或介词 `with` + 名词,不能接不定式(to do)。
have trouble in:与 `have difficulty in` 完全同义(trouble 也是不可数名词);
find it difficult to do:同义表达(“发现做某事很难”),如:I find it difficult to learn French.(我发现学法语很难。)
通过以上结构和例子,不难掌握 `have difficulty in` 的用法——关键是记住“动名词/with + 名词”的搭配,以及 `in` 可省略的特点~