"be shocked at" 是英语中常用的系表结构短语,意为“对……感到震惊/吃惊”,强调主语(通常是人)因某件事、某个情况或某个行为而产生的强烈意外、震惊情绪。
该短语的结构为:主语(人) + be动词(根据时态/人称变化) + shocked + at + 宾语(震惊的对象)。
其中,"at" 是介词,后面可接名词、代词、动名词(doing)或宾语从句,具体如下:
直接引出“令人震惊的具体事物/情况”。
I was shocked at the news of his sudden death.(我对他突然去世的消息感到震惊。)
They were shocked at the condition of the abandoned hospital.(他们对那所废弃医院的状况感到震惊。)
强调“因做某事/看到某事而震惊”,动名词表示具体的动作或场景。
She was shocked at hearing her name called in the crowd.(听到人群中有人叫她的名字,她很震惊。)
We were shocked at finding the door wide open when we got home.(回家时发现门大敞着,我们很吃惊。)
用从句说明“令人震惊的具体内容”,从句常用what/that等引导。
He was shocked at what the teacher said about his son.(老师关于他儿子的话让他很震惊。)
I’m shocked at that you would lie to me.(你居然会对我撒谎,我很震惊。)
主语是人:"shocked" 是描述人的情绪的形容词(“感到震惊的”),因此主语必须是有情感的人,不能是物(物作主语时常用"shocking",意为“令人震惊的”,如The news is shocking.)。
时态变化:be动词需根据语境调整时态(现在时is/am/are;过去时was/were;完成时has/have been等)。
例:She has been shocked at the rise in crime rates this year.(她对今年犯罪率的上升感到震惊。)
两者含义相近,但"at"更强调“对(某件事的内容/性质)感到震惊”(聚焦于事情本身);"by"更强调“被(某个行为/施加者)震惊”(聚焦于动作的执行者)。
I was shocked at the cruelty of the act.(我对这一行为的残忍感到震惊。)
I was shocked by his cruel words.(他的残忍话语让我震惊。)
总结:"be shocked at" 是表达“震惊”情绪的常用短语,关键是明确“震惊的对象”,通过介词"at"连接具体的人、事、场景或内容。