"learn…by oneself" 是英语中表示“自学……;靠自己学习……”的常用短语,强调“不依赖他人指导,独立完成学习”的过程。
该短语的结构为:learn + 学习内容 + by oneself,其中关键细节如下:
可以是名词/代词(直接表示学习的对象):
例:learn English by oneself(自学英语)、learn it by oneself(自学它)。
可以是“to + 动词原形”(表示学习“做某事”):
例:learn to play the guitar by oneself(自学弹吉他)、learn to cook by oneself(自学做饭)。
"oneself" 是反身代词,需根据句子的主语调整形式(确保与主语“对应”):
主语是I → myself(我自己):I learned French by myself.(我自学了法语。)
主语是you(单数/复数)→ yourself/yourselves(你自己/你们自己):You should learn math by yourself.(你应该自学数学。)
主语是he/she/it → himself/herself/itself(他/她/它自己):She learns painting by herself.(她自学画画。)
主语是they/we → themselves/ourselves(他们/我们自己):We learned to swim by ourselves.(我们自学了游泳。)
该短语可适配不同时态,只需调整"learn"的形式:
一般现在时(强调习惯/常态):He learns programming by himself every night.(他每晚自学编程。)
一般过去时(强调过去的动作):They learned Spanish by themselves before the trip.(他们旅行前自学了西班牙语。)
现在进行时(强调正在进行的动作):I'm learning how to take photos by myself this month.(我这个月在自学拍照。)
"learn…by oneself" 与 teach oneself… 完全同义(“自学……”),可互换使用:
例:teach oneself English = learn English by oneself(自学英语)。
1、 She learned to play the piano by herself when she was 10.(她10岁时自学了弹钢琴。)
2、 Can you learn this new software by yourself?(你能自学这个新软件吗?)
3、 We don't need a teacher—we can learn it by ourselves.(我们不需要老师,我们可以自学。)
4、 He always learns new skills by himself to stay competitive.(他总是自学新技能以保持竞争力。)
简言之,"learn…by oneself" 是描述“独立学习”的经典表达,只要记住“学习内容+反身代词随主语变化”的规则,就能灵活运用啦!