"avoid doing" 是英语中常见的动词短语,意为“避免做某事”(主动采取措施防止某个动作或情况发生)。
"avoid" 是及物动词,后面必须接“动名词(doing)”作宾语,不能接不定式(to do)(这是高频易错点!)。
主语 + avoid + (not) doing sth.
(否定形式需在动名词前加not,即avoid not doing sth. 表示“避免不做某事”,但更常见的是“avoid doing sth.”)
动名词可以带宾语/状语:构成动名词短语,说明“避免的具体动作”。
例:
I avoid eating junk food every day.(我每天避免吃垃圾食品。)
She avoids talking to strangers at night.(她晚上避免和陌生人说话。)
They avoided staying up late before exams.(他们考试前避免熬夜。)
动名词的被动形式:当“避免的动作是被动的”时,用“being done”。
例:
He avoids being criticized by working hard.(他通过努力工作避免被批评。)
She left early to avoid being asked about her private life.(她提前离开,避免被问起私生活。)
主语通常是“有行为能力的人/机构”:因为“避免”是主动行为,主语多为人、公司、组织等。
例:
The company avoided losing money by cutting costs.(公司通过削减成本避免亏损。)
Parents should teach kids to avoid running across the street carelessly.(父母应教孩子避免随意横穿马路。)
"avoid doing sth. at all costs":不惜一切代价避免做某事(强调决心)。
例:We must avoid making the same mistake at all costs.(我们必须不惜一切代价避免犯同样的错误。)
"avoid doing sth. by...":通过某种方式避免做某事(说明“避免的手段”)。
例:She avoided missing the bus by setting an alarm.(她设了闹钟,避免错过公交车。)
❌ 错误:I avoid to eat spicy food.(不能接不定式)
✅ 正确:I avoid eating spicy food.(必须接动名词)
"avoid doing" 是“避免做某事”的标准表达,核心是用动名词(doing)作宾语,强调主动防止某个动作发生。记住:avoid + doing,永远不接to do!
通过例子强化理解:
我避免在雨天开车。I avoid driving on rainy days.
他避免提到那个敏感话题。He avoids mentioning that sensitive topic.
我们应该避免浪费水。We should avoid wasting water.