英语短语 "judge…by…" 的核心含义是 “根据…判断/评判…;以…为标准评价…”,强调通过某种具体的依据、方式或特征来对人或事物做出判断。
"judge" 本身是“判断、评判”的意思,"by" 引出判断的依据(如外貌、行为、结果等)。整个短语表达:通过A(依据)来判断B(被判断的对象)。
基本结构为:
其中:
被判断的对象:可以是人(sb.)或事物(sth.);
判断的依据:可以是名词(appearance/action)、动名词(tasting/observing)或名词性从句(what he says/how he acts)。
1、 日常场景(以貌取人):
Don't judge a book by its cover.(谚语:不要以貌取人;不要凭封面判断书的好坏。)
People often judge others by their clothing.(人们常通过穿着评判他人。)
2、 评价他人(行为/品格):
We should judge a person by their actions, not their words.(我们应根据一个人的行动而非言语评判他。)
Don't judge me by one mistake—I'm trying my best!(别因为一个错误就评判我——我在尽力!)
3、 评判事物(结果/质量):
The success of the project will be judged by its impact on the community.(项目的成功将以其对社区的影响来评判。)
I judge a restaurant by the taste of its soup.(我通过汤的味道判断一家餐厅的好坏。)
4、 暂时无法判断(依据不足):
I can't judge the new teacher by just one class.(只上一节课,我没法评判这位新老师。)
当被判断的对象作主语时,可用被动结构:
例:
The quality of the product is judged by its durability.(产品的质量由其耐用性决定。)
She felt she was being judged by her past mistakes.(她觉得别人在通过她过去的错误评判她。)
judge sb. by + 具体特征:judge sb. by their appearance(以貌取人)、judge sb. by their manners(以礼貌评判人);
judge sth. by + 标准:judge a movie by its reviews(以影评判断电影)、judge a plan by its feasibility(以可行性判断计划);
固定句型:It's unfair to judge sb./sth. by…(根据…评判…是不公平的)。
例:It's unfair to judge a student by just one exam.(只凭一次考试评判学生是不公平的。)
1、 与 "judge…to be…" 的区别:
"judge…to be…" 表示“判断…是…”(强调结果),而 "judge…by…" 强调“通过…判断”(强调依据)。
例:I judge him to be honest.(我判断他是诚实的。)→ 结果
I judge him by his honesty.(我根据他的诚实评判他。)→ 依据
2、 "by" 后的语法:
"by" 是介词,后面接名词、代词、动名词或名词性从句,不能接形容词。
错误:*Judge him by honest.(honest是形容词)
正确:Judge him by his honesty.(his honesty是名词短语)
"judge…by…" 是高频实用短语,核心是“用A(依据)评B(对象)”。记住谚语“Don't judge a book by its cover”(不要以貌取人),就能快速关联其含义;结合具体例子练习,很快就能灵活运用!