"have to do" 是英语中常用的 半情态动词短语,核心含义是 “必须/不得不做某事”,强调客观因素(如规则、责任、外部压力、实际需要等)迫使某人做某事,而非主观意愿。
表示“由于客观情况/要求,某人不得不、必须去做某件事”。
例如:
I have to go to the dentist tomorrow.(我明天不得不去看牙医。→ 客观需要:牙医预约好了)
She has to finish her report by Friday.(她必须在周五前完成报告。→ 客观要求: deadline)
"have to" 是半情态动词(兼具实义动词和情态动词特征),需根据主语和时态调整形式:
一般现在时:主语为第三人称单数(he/she/it)时用 has to,其他人称用 have to。
例:He has to work late tonight.(他今晚得加班。) / We have to leave early.(我们得早点走。)
一般过去时:统一用 had to(无第三人称变化)。
例:They had to cancel the trip because of the rain.(因为下雨,他们不得不取消旅行。)
一般将来时:用 will have to 或 be going to have to。
例:You will have to study harder next term.(下学期你得更努力学习。)
“不必做某事”:在 "have to" 前加 助动词的否定形式(don't/doesn't/didn't/won't 等)。
一般现在时否定:don't/doesn't have to
例:You don't have to wait for me.(你不必等我。) / She doesn't have to attend the party.(她不用参加派对。)
一般过去时否定:didn't have to
例:We didn't have to pay for the tickets.(我们没必要买票。)
将 助动词(do/does/did/will 等) 提前至句首,"have to" 保持原形。
一般现在时疑问:Do/Does + 主语 + have to...?
例:Do you have to go now?(你现在必须走吗?) / Does he have to wear a uniform?(他必须穿校服吗?)
一般过去时疑问:Did + 主语 + have to...?
例:Did they have to leave early?(他们不得不早点走吗?)
"have to" 和 "must" 都表示“必须”,但逻辑侧重不同:
have to:强调客观压力(规则、责任、现实需求)。
例:I have to wear a mask in the hospital.(医院规定必须戴口罩→ 客观要求)
must:强调主观意愿(自己认为“应该/必须”)。
例:I must call my mom—she's worried about me.(我得给妈妈打电话→ 我自己觉得应该做)
have to do with:与……有关(注意:此短语是“与…相关”,不是“必须做”)
例:The problem has to do with our budget.(这个问题和我们的预算有关。)
have no choice but to do:除了做…别无选择(= have to do)
例:I had no choice but to accept the job.(我别无选择,只能接受这份工作。)
总结:"have to do" 是表达“客观必须”的核心短语,需结合时态、人称调整形式,否定/疑问借助助动词,与"must"的区别是理解其用法的关键。