"hold sth. in check"是一个固定短语,意为“控制/抑制某物(防止其过度、失控或扩散)”,强调通过主动干预使事物保持在可控范围内。
它的英文解释更直观:to keep something under control; to prevent something from becoming too great or too powerful(剑桥词典)。
该短语是及物动词短语,必须接宾语(sth.),结构为:主语 + hold + 宾语 + in check。
宾语通常是“需要被约束、控制的事物”,包括:
情绪类:anger(愤怒)、excitement(兴奋)、fear(恐惧)、frustration(挫败感);
抽象事物:costs(成本)、inflation(通货膨胀)、growth(增长)、spread(扩散)、spending(开支);
具体事物:floodwaters(洪水)、chatter(闲聊)、disease(疾病)、violence(暴力)。
通过不同语境的例子理解用法:
控制情绪:She held her tears in check during the funeral, not wanting to upset others.(葬礼上她抑制住眼泪,不想让别人难过。)
控制成本:The company introduced strict budgets to hold operating costs in check.(公司推行严格预算以控制运营成本。)
抑制扩散:Vaccination is key to holding the virus in check.(疫苗是抑制病毒扩散的关键。)
控制自然力量:Sandbags were used to hold the rising floodwaters in check.(沙袋被用来控制上涨的洪水。)
约束行为:The teacher held the students’ noise in check by giving them a warning look.(老师用警告的眼神制止了学生们的吵闹。)
当强调“事物被控制”时,常用被动结构:sth. be held in check。
例:Inflation has been held in check by the central bank’s policies.(央行的政策抑制了通货膨胀。)
"hold sth. in check" 与 "keep sth. under control" 意思相近,但前者更正式,常用于书面语或严肃语境(如政策、科研、管理);后者更口语化,日常对话中更常用。
含义:控制/抑制(防止失控);
结构:及物动词短语,需接宾语;
语境:正式或需要强调“主动干预”的场景;
宾语:覆盖情绪、成本、扩散、自然力量等需约束的事物。
掌握这个短语,能更精准地描述“主动控制某事物”的行为~