apologize:动词,意为“道歉;认错”;
to sb.:介词短语,指向“道歉的对象”(即“向某人”);
for doing sth.:介词短语,说明“道歉的原因”(即“因为做了某事”)。
该短语是“道歉”的标准句式,需注意以下3点:
道歉对象(sb.):需放在介词to后,通常是“被影响/冒犯的人”(如朋友、老师、陌生人等);
道歉原因(doing sth.):需放在介词for后,且必须用动名词(doing)(因为for是介词,后接动词需变为动名词形式),表示“导致需要道歉的行为”。
apologize的时态需匹配句子的时间背景:
一般现在时(描述常态/当前):He apologizes to his mom for lying.(他因撒谎向妈妈道歉。)
一般过去时(描述过去发生的道歉):I apologized to my classmate for breaking his pen.(我因弄坏他的笔向同学道歉了。)
一般将来时(描述未来要做的道歉):She will apologize to her boss for being late tomorrow.(她明天会因迟到向老板道歉。)
否定句:在apologize前加助动词否定形式(don’t/doesn’t/didn’t等):
I don’t apologize to him for telling the truth.(我不会因说实话向他道歉。)
疑问句:将助动词提前:
Did you apologize to her for missing the party?(你因错过派对向她道歉了吗?)
朋友间:He apologized to me for forgetting our appointment.(他因忘记我们的约会向我道歉。)
职场中:You should apologize to your colleague for interrupting him.(你应该因打断同事而道歉。)
公共场合:The waiter apologized to us for bringing the wrong dish.(服务员因上错菜向我们道歉。)
若需用名词形式表达,可替换为:make an apology to sb. for doing sth.(向某人因做某事道歉),例如:
She made an apology to her teacher for not finishing homework.(她因没完成作业向老师道歉。)
总结:该短语是英语中最常用的道歉句式,核心是“明确向谁(to sb.)、因何(for doing sth.)道歉”,记住for后接动名词即可灵活运用~