“evade duty”是一个常用的英语动词短语,核心含义是通过诡计或不正当手段逃避某种“义务”,具体意思需结合duty的语境义细分:
此处的“duty”指关税(a tax on imported/exported goods,即对进出口商品征收的税)。这是“evade duty”最典型的用法,常见于海关、贸易或走私相关场景。
当“duty”指职责、义务(a responsibility or task one is required to do)时,“evade duty”可表示“逃避应尽的责任”(通常需搭配所有格“one's”来明确“谁的职责”)。
“evade”是及物动词,因此“evade duty”中“duty”是直接宾语,可结合介词或定语细化语境:
搭配“on sth.”:表示“对某商品逃税”
The company was fined heavily for evading duty on imported luxury cars.
(这家公司因对进口豪车逃税被重罚。)
搭配“paying duty”:强调“逃避缴纳关税”
Smugglers often hide goods in containers to evade paying duty.
(走私者常把货物藏在集装箱里逃避缴关税。)
时态/语态示例:
He was caught evading duty at the airport customs.
(他在机场海关逃避关税时被抓。)
搭配“one's duty”:用所有格(my/his/her/their等)明确职责归属
The manager was fired for evading his duty to supervise the team.
(经理因逃避监督团队的职责被解雇。)
搭配“as + 身份”:说明“作为某角色的职责”
She was accused of evading her duty as a teacher to protect students.
(她被指控逃避作为教师保护学生的职责。)
evade duty vs avoid duty:
“evade”更强调用欺骗、隐瞒等不正当手段逃避(含贬义);“avoid”是普通词,指“主动避免”(无道德评判)。
He avoided duty by applying for an exemption.(他通过申请豁免避免了缴税——合法)
He evaded duty by lying about the value of the goods.(他通过谎报货物价值逃税——非法)
若需用名词表达“逃税”,可改用tax evasion(更通用,涵盖所有逃税行为)或duty evasion(特指逃关税)。
The businessman was charged with tax evasion (not "evade duty").
(这名商人被指控逃税。)
综上,“evade duty”的核心是“用不正当手段逃避义务”,具体是“逃关税”还是“逃职责”,需结合上下文判断——海关/贸易场景优先理解为“逃关税”,工作/责任场景优先理解为“逃职责”。