“would rather...than...”是英语中表达优先选择的常用结构,核心含义是“宁愿……而不愿……”“与其……不如……”,强调在两个选项中更倾向于前者。
完整结构为:主语 + would rather + 动词原形 + than + 动词原形
(注:“would rather”可缩写为“’d rather”)
它连接两个平行的动作/状态,表示“比起做than后的事,更愿意做would rather后的事”。
当“would rather”和“than”的主语相同时,两者后面直接接动词原形(无to),保持结构平行。
例1:I would rather stay at home than go out in the rain.(我宁愿待在家里,也不愿冒雨出去。)
例2:She ’d rather read a novel than watch TV.(她宁愿读小说,也不愿看电视。)
若“would rather”后的主语与than后的主语不同(即涉及“希望他人做/不做某事”),than后的部分需用虚拟语气:
表示“现在/将来的愿望”:从句谓语用过去式(be动词统一用were);
表示“过去的愿望”:从句谓语用过去完成式(had + 过去分词)。
例1(现在的愿望):I would rather you came tomorrow instead of today.(我宁愿你明天来,而不是今天。)
(隐含“你今天来不符合我的意愿”,用过去式came表虚拟)
例2(过去的愿望):He ’d rather he hadn’t lied to his mother.(他宁愿没对母亲撒谎。)
(“撒谎”是过去的动作,用hadn’t lied表“希望过去没发生”)
若要表达“宁愿不做A,也不愿做B”,在“would rather”后加not,再接动词原形。
I would rather not eat fast food than eat it every day.(我宁愿不吃快餐,也不愿每天吃。)
为了强调,可以将“rather than”提前至句首,此时句子结构变为:
“would rather...than...”后接动词原形;
“prefer...to...”后接动名词/名词(to是介词)。
I prefer reading to watching TV. = I would rather read than watch TV.(我宁愿读书也不愿看电视。)
✖ 错误:I would rather to go than stay.(would rather后不能加to)
✖ 错误:She’d rather going than to watch.(前后需保持动词原形一致)
✖ 错误:I would rather you will come tomorrow.(主语不同时需用虚拟语气,应为came)
“would rather...than...”是表达主观偏好的核心结构,关键是:
主语一致→动词原形;
主语不同→虚拟语气;
否定加not;
可倒装强调。
通过具体例子练习(如替换动词、改变主语),能更快掌握其用法~