“up until”是英语中常用的介词短语,核心含义是“直到……为止;到……某时间点之前”,强调动作/状态持续到某个明确的时间点后才结束或改变。
“up until”=“until”(直到),但更口语化、更强调“从过去持续到某时刻”的过程(比“until”多一层“一直延续到”的递进感)。
例如:
I lived in London up until 2020.(我直到2020年都住在伦敦。→ 2020年后搬离,之前一直持续住那里。)
Up until now, I haven’t heard from her.(直到现在,我都没收到她的消息。→ 从过去到现在的整个过程都没收到。)
“up until”后接具体的时间点(名词、代词、从句),不能接时间段。
常见搭配:
up until + 具体时间(midnight/3 o’clock/last week/yesterday)
up until + 时间副词(now/then/recently)
例句:
She worked as a teacher up until retirement.(她当老师直到退休。)
We waited up until 10 PM for the bus.(我们等公交车一直到晚上10点。)
Up until recently, I didn’t like spicy food.(直到最近,我都不喜欢吃辣。)
从句需用过去时/现在时(主句时态对应“持续到从句时间点”)。
例句:
Up until he called, I had no idea about the party.(直到他打电话来,我才知道派对的事。→ 主句用过去完成时,强调“打电话前”的状态。)
I’ll stay here up until you come back.(我会留在这儿直到你回来。→ 主句将来时,强调“你回来前”的持续。)
句首(强调时间点):Up until now, everything has gone smoothly.(直到现在,一切都很顺利。)
句中:I played the piano up until I was 15.(我弹钢琴直到15岁。)
短语 | 语气/侧重点 | 例句 |
---|---|---|
up until | 更口语、强调“持续过程” | I smoked up until last year.(我抽烟抽到去年,强调“抽了很久直到去年”) |
until | 更正式、侧重“时间终点” | I smoked until last year.(我抽烟直到去年,侧重“去年是终点”) |
不能接“时间段”:× up until 3 years(错)→ √ up until 3 years ago(直到3年前)
不用加“to”:× up until to midnight(错)→ √ up until midnight(直到午夜)
“up until”本质是“强调过程的until”,用在需要突出“动作/状态持续到某时刻”的场景,后接时间点(名词/从句),口语和书面都常用。
再练几个例句:
1、 Up until then, I’d never traveled abroad.(直到那时,我从没出过国。)
2、 He kept working up until the boss left.(他一直工作到老板离开。)
3、 Up until yesterday, I thought the exam was next week.(直到昨天,我还以为考试是下周。)