英语短语 "protect against" 的核心含义是 “保护……免受……(伤害/侵害/危险)”,强调通过某种方式主动防御、对抗潜在的负面因素(如危险、伤害、疾病、灾害等)。
结构:protect + 被保护的对象(人/物) + against + 需防御的对象(危险/伤害等)
其中:
被保护的对象:可以是人(如children, yourself)、物(如house, environment)或抽象事物(如rights, reputation);
需防御的对象:通常是负面事物(如disease, fire, UV rays, attack, damage)。
1、 保护人免受伤害/疾病
We must protect children against abuse.(我们必须保护儿童免受虐待。)
This cream helps protect your skin against sunburn.(这种面霜有助于保护皮肤免受晒伤。)
The vaccine is meant to protect people against the new virus.(这种疫苗旨在保护人们免受新病毒侵害。)
2、 保护物免受损坏/灾害
Installing a security system will protect your home against burglars.(安装安保系统可保护你的家免受盗窃。)
Farmers use nets to protect crops against birds.(农民用网保护作物免受鸟类侵害。)
The paint is designed to protect the metal against rust.(这种油漆用于保护金属免受锈蚀。)
3、 保护抽象事物
Laws are made to protect citizens' rights against infringement.(法律的制定是为了保护公民权利免受侵犯。)
We need to protect our privacy against data breaches.(我们需要保护隐私免受数据泄露。)
两者常可互换,但"protect against"更强调“对抗、防御”的主动性(针对明确的威胁),而"protect from"更侧重“防止、避开”(较宽泛的伤害)。例如:
Against:He wore a helmet to protect his head against impact.(他戴头盔保护头部对抗撞击。)(强调主动防御明确的“撞击”)
From:She covered her mouth to protect herself from dust.(她捂住嘴防止自己吸入灰尘。)(侧重避开宽泛的“灰尘”)
protect sb./sth. against attack/fire/theft(保护……免受攻击/火灾/盗窃)
protect against danger/harm/risk(防御危险/伤害/风险)
protect against disease/infection(预防疾病/感染)
总结:"protect against"是主动防御型的保护,重点在“对抗”特定威胁,使用时需明确“谁/什么需要被保护”和“免受什么的伤害”。