“hold in check”是一个高频动词短语,核心语义围绕“控制、抑制、约束”,强调通过主动干预防止人/事/情绪等超出合理范围或失控。以下是详细解析:
字面可理解为“把……‘栓’在可控范围内”,引申为:
通过限制、约束或干预,使某事物不过度发展、不爆发或不失控。(注:多用来描述对“负面/过度对象”的控制,如情绪、问题、趋势等。)
主动态:hold + 宾语 + in check(主语“实施控制的主体”,宾语“被控制的对象”)
被动态:宾语 + be held in check(强调“对象被控制”的状态)
宾语多为需要“收敛”的内容,常见类别:
情绪/行为:anger(愤怒)、temper(脾气)、impatience(不耐烦)、excitement(兴奋)、urges(冲动);
问题/趋势:inflation(通货膨胀)、spread(传播,如病毒)、costs(成本)、growth(过快增长)、crime(犯罪);
抽象力量:power(权力)、ambition(野心)、ego(自我)。
人(主动控制自己或他人):He held his anger in check.(他抑制了愤怒。)
物/措施(通过制度、方法控制):The policy held inflation in check.(政策控制了通胀。)
She bit her lip to hold her laughter in check during the meeting.
(会议上她咬着嘴唇,抑制住笑出声的冲动。)
I had to hold myself in check from saying something rude to the rude customer.
(我不得不约束自己,以免对无礼的顾客说粗话。)
The vaccine rollout helped hold the COVID-19 outbreak in check.
(疫苗接种帮助控制了新冠疫情的爆发。)
We need to hold our monthly expenses in check to pay off the loan.
(我们需要控制每月开支,以便偿还贷款。)
The wildfire was finally held in check after three days of奋战 by firefighters.
(经过消防员三天的奋战,野火终于得到控制。)
His excessive spending has been held in check since he got a budget app.
(自从用了预算APP,他的过度消费得到了抑制。)
“hold in check”与“keep in check”语义几乎完全一致,可互换使用:
Keep your temper in check! = Hold your temper in check!(控制住你的脾气!)
(细微区别:“keep”更强调“持续维持控制”,“hold”更强调“主动抓住/限制”,但日常使用中无需严格区分。)
“hold in check”的核心是“防止失控”,适用于所有需要“收敛、限制”的场景。使用时只需明确“谁控制什么”(主语+宾语),结构简单却能精准表达“主动约束”的动作或状态。
一句话记住:If you hold something in check, you stop it from getting worse or out of control.(控制某事物,使其不恶化或失控。)