"notwithstanding" 是一个多词性的英语单词(非严格意义上的“短语”,但用法灵活),核心含义是“尽管/虽然/不顾(某种情况)”,可作介词、副词或连词,语气偏正式,常见于书面语或正式语境。
无论词性如何,"notwithstanding" 都表达“让步关系”——承认某一事实存在,但不影响后续结果。
相当于 despite 或 in spite of,后面接名词、代词或动名词(不能接从句),表示“尽管……(的存在)”。
结构:Notwithstanding + 名词/代词/动名词
例子:
Notwithstanding the heavy rain, we still went hiking.(尽管下大雨,我们还是去徒步了。)
She attended the meeting notwithstanding her illness.(尽管生病,她还是参加了会议。)
Notwithstanding being tired, he finished the report.(尽管累,他还是完成了报告。)
通常放在句末或句中,相当于 nevertheless(然而)、however(但是)或 still(仍然),表示“尽管如此/仍然”。
例子:
He failed the exam; he was not discouraged, notwithstanding.(他考试没及格,但尽管如此,他并没有气馁。)
The plan was risky. We proceeded, notwithstanding.(这个计划有风险,但我们还是继续了。)
引导让步状语从句,相当于 although(虽然)或 even though(即使),后面接完整的句子。
结构:Notwithstanding (that) + 从句
例子:
Notwithstanding that she was busy, she helped me.(尽管她很忙,还是帮了我。)
He went out notwithstanding it was snowing heavily.(尽管雪下得很大,他还是出去了。)
词 | 词性 | 用法差异 | 例子 |
---|---|---|---|
notwithstanding | 介词/副词/连词 | 更正式,书面语常用 | Notwithstanding the delay, we arrived on time. |
despite | 介词 | 口语/书面语通用,后接名词 | Despite the delay, we arrived on time. |
in spite of | 介词短语 | 同 despite,更口语化 | In spite of the delay, we arrived on time. |
although | 连词 | 后接从句,口语/书面语通用 | Although there was a delay, we arrived on time. |
"notwithstanding" 是一个单词,不要拆分成 "not with standing"。
介词用法中,后面不能接从句(需接从句时用连词形式或换用 although)。
副词用法中,通常用逗号与主句分隔(如句末时)。
总结:"notwithstanding" 是表达“让步”的正式用词,根据词性不同,可灵活连接名词、句子或单独使用,核心是“承认事实,但不改变结果”。