该短语的核心结构是 “teach oneself + 内容/技能”,需注意反身代词(oneself)要与主语保持人称/数的一致(如I→myself,you→yourself,he→himself等)。具体可分为两种常见搭配:
直接接“学习的内容”(如语言、学科、技能名称),表示“自学某事物”。
I taught myself English when I was in high school.(我高中时自学了英语。)
She teaches herself coding in her free time.(她空闲时自学编程。)
They taught themselves photography last year.(他们去年自学了摄影。)
接“不定式(to do)”,表示“自学做某事”(强调学习“做具体动作”的技能)。
He taught himself to play the guitar without any lessons.(他没上任何课,自学了弹吉他。)
Did you teach yourself to cook Chinese food?(你是自学做中国菜的吗?)
My little brother is teaching himself to ride a bike.(我弟弟正在自学骑自行车。)
反身代词的变化:需根据主语调整oneself的形式(如I→myself,you→yourself,he→himself,they→themselves等)。
时态变化:teach的过去式是taught(如“我去年自学了法语”→ I taught myself French last year.)。
同义表达:可与 learn by oneself 或 study on one's own 互换,但“teach oneself”更强调“主动教自己”的过程,而“learn by oneself”更侧重“自主学习”的结果。
Negative(否定):She doesn't teach herself math—she has a tutor.(她没有自学数学——她有家教。)
Question(疑问):How did you teach yourself to use this software?(你是怎么自学用这个软件的?)
Complex(复合):After losing his job, he taught himself how to repair electronics to start a small business.(失业后,他自学了修电子产品,以便开个小生意。)
总结:teach oneself 是表达“自学”的常用动词短语,核心是“主语通过自身努力掌握某技能/知识”,需结合反身代词和具体内容使用。