"in conclusion" 是一个总结性过渡短语,核心意思是:最后;总之;综上所述(用于概括前文内容,引出最终结论或总结)。
它的功能是标志文本/话语的结尾部分,帮助听众/读者意识到你要总结核心观点。使用时需注意以下几点:
通常放在句首,后接逗号,引出总结句;
可单独成句(较正式),或与主句连用。
学术写作(论文、报告结尾);
正式演讲/发言(会议、讲座总结);
日常讨论(总结观点、结束话题)。
学术写作:In conclusion, the research indicates that regular physical activity significantly reduces the risk of chronic diseases.(综上所述,研究表明规律运动可显著降低慢性病风险。)
演讲:We’ve discussed the challenges of climate change and potential solutions. In conclusion, collective action is our only hope.(我们已经讨论了气候变化的挑战和可能的解决方案。最后,集体行动是我们唯一的希望。)
日常对话:We talked about the party theme, venue, and guest list. In conclusion, let’s go with a "90s retro" theme.(我们聊了派对主题、场地和嘉宾名单。总之,就选“90年代复古”主题吧。)
to conclude(更简洁,用法类似,如 To conclude, we must act now.);
in summary(强调“概括”,更侧重提炼要点,如 In summary, the project has three key phases.);
all in all(更口语化,如 All in all, it was a great trip.)。
总结:"in conclusion" 是正式且常用的总结工具,帮助你清晰收尾,让观点更有条理~