英语中"had sooner"是一个表示"宁愿;宁可;更愿意"的固定短语,用法和语义与"would sooner""would rather"高度相近,均用于表达说话者对不同行为/情况的偏好选择。
强调优先选择某一行为,而不愿选择另一行为,或希望某事以某种方式发生(常用虚拟语气)。
"had sooner"的用法可分为三种常见结构,需注意虚拟语气的使用规则:
表示"宁愿做某事",结构为:
例:
I had sooner stay at home than go out in the rain.(我宁愿呆在家里,也不愿冒雨出门。)
She had sooner cook for herself than eat fast food.(她宁愿自己做饭,也不愿吃快餐。)
明确对比"宁愿做A,而不愿做B",结构为:
例:
He had sooner resign than take part in a dishonest project.(他宁愿辞职,也不愿参与不诚实的项目。)
We had sooner walk than take a crowded bus.(我们宁愿走路,也不愿坐拥挤的公交。)
当表达"宁愿某人做/没做某事"时,从句需用虚拟语气:
若描述现在/将来的情况,从句用一般过去时;
若描述过去的情况,从句用过去完成时。
结构为:
主语 + had sooner + (that) + 从句主语 + 过去式/过去完成式(that可省略)例:
I had sooner you didn’t tell her the truth.(我宁愿你没告诉她真相。)→ 现在/将来的虚拟(实际已告诉或可能告诉)
She had sooner he had come to the meeting yesterday.(她宁愿他昨天来参加会议了。)→ 过去的虚拟(实际没参加)
表示"宁愿不做某事",结构为:
例:
I had sooner not talk about this topic.(我宁愿不谈这个话题。)
They had sooner not go to the party alone.(他们宁愿不独自去派对。)
"had sooner" "would sooner" "would rather" 三者语义几乎一致,可互换使用,但:
"had sooner" 更偏向正式或老式英语(英国英语中更常见);
"would sooner" "would rather" 更口语化,日常使用更频繁。
总结:"had sooner"是表达偏好的实用短语,核心是优先选择,关键要注意动词原形和从句的虚拟语气规则~