"foil" 作为动词,本义是“(用金属箔等)包裹”,但更常用的引申义是“阻止;挫败(某人的计划/企图)”。因此整个短语的意思是:
“阻止某人做某事;挫败某人做某事的企图”(强调使对方的“预谋、计划或努力”落空)。主语:实施“阻止/挫败”动作的人或物(如警察、巧合、他人的行动等);
宾语:被阻止的人(sb.);
介词 "in" + 动名词:接对方“想要做的事”(即被挫败的具体行为)。
常与 "attempt/plan" 搭配,更明确“挫败企图”的含义,结构为:
foil sb. in one's attempt/plan to do sth.(挫败某人做某事的企图/计划)1、 基础用法:
The security system foiled the burglars in breaking into the house.
(安保系统阻止了窃贼闯入房子。)
Her lie detector test foiled him in lying about his whereabouts.
(测谎仪让他无法对自己的行踪撒谎。)
2、 搭配 "attempt/plan":
The police foiled the terrorists in their attempt to bomb the station.
(警方挫败了恐怖分子轰炸车站的企图。)
His rival's last-minute proposal foiled him in his plan to win the contract.
(对手的最后一刻提案让他赢得合同的计划泡汤了。)
3、 被动语态(强调“被挫败”):
He was foiled in his attempt to cheat on the exam.
(他考试作弊的企图被挫败了。)
foil sb. in doing sth.:侧重“挫败有预谋的行动”(如犯罪、作弊、争夺利益等),带有“打破对方算计”的意味;
prevent sb. from doing sth.:更通用,可指任何“阻止行为”(无论是否有预谋),如“prevent kids from running on the road”(阻止孩子在路上跑);
stop sb. from doing sth.:强调“直接中断正在进行的动作”,如“stop him from hitting the dog”(阻止他打狗)。
"foil sb. in doing sth." 是一个针对“预谋行为”的精准表达,适用于描述“打破他人计划、使企图落空”的场景,常见于新闻、小说或正式语境中。