"in debt to sb." 是一个描述状态的短语,字面意为“欠某人的债”,但可延伸为两种常见用法:
1、 金钱上的负债:欠某人钱;
2、 人情上的亏欠:因对方的帮助/恩情而“欠人情、心存感激”(更常用的引申义)。
该短语需与be动词(am/is/are/was/were等)搭配使用,构成“be in debt to sb.”的结构,强调“处于欠某人的状态”。
若需具体说明欠债的原因/金额,可在后面加介词`for`引出细节(即"be in debt to sb. for sth.")。
I’m still in debt to my parents for the car they bought me.
(我还欠父母买那辆车的钱。)
After the accident, he found himself in debt to the hospital for thousands of dollars.
(事故后,他发现自己欠医院数千美元。)
We will always be in debt to our teachers for their guidance.
(我们永远会因老师的指导而对他们心存感激/欠人情。)
She’s in debt to her neighbor for helping her take care of the kids while she was sick.
(她生病时邻居帮忙照顾孩子,她因此欠邻居人情。)
"in debt to sb." 是状态描述,而非动作;若要强调“主动欠债”的动作,常用`owe sb. sth.`(欠某人某物)。
例如:I owe my brother $500. = I’m in debt to my brother for $500.(两句意思相同,但前者侧重“动作”,后者侧重“状态”。)
其反义短语是`out of debt`(还清债务;无债一身轻)。
简言之,"in debt to sb." 既可以指“欠某人钱”,也可以指“欠某人情”,核心是“对某人有未偿还的责任/感激”。