短语的基本结构为:
主语:通常是人(如 I/you/he)或表示人的集合(如 team/class),说明“谁”遇到困难。
have/has:根据主语的人称和数变化(第三人称单数用 has,复数/第一、二人称用 have)。
difficulties:复数名词,表“具体的困难”(若用单数 difficulty,则侧重“抽象的困难”,如 have difficulty in doing sth. 也正确)。
(in):介词,连接“困难”与“具体动作”;口语/非正式语境中可省略(省略后结构为 have difficulties doing sth.)。
动名词 (doing sth.):表示“遇到困难的具体动作”(必须用动名词,不能用动词原形)。
介词省略:常见于日常表达,如:
She has difficulties (in) making friends.(她交朋友有困难。)
同义词组:
have trouble (in) doing sth.(trouble 为不可数名词,更口语化,表“麻烦/困难”);
have problems (in) doing sth.(problems 为可数名词,更强调“具体的问题/阻碍”)。
否定与疑问:
否定句:加 don’t/doesn’t,如 I don’t have difficulties in cooking.(我做饭没困难。)
疑问句:将 do/does 提前,如 Do you have difficulties in finding the library?(你找图书馆有困难吗?)
1、 I have difficulties in understanding spoken English.(我理解英语口语有困难。)
2、 He has difficulties (in) solving this math problem.(他解这道数学题有困难。)
3、 The team has difficulties in coordinating their work.(这个团队协调工作有困难。)
4、 Do they have difficulties in finishing the project on time?(他们按时完成项目有困难吗?)
5、 She doesn’t have difficulties in driving a car.(她开车没有困难。)
have difficulty in doing sth.(单数):侧重“做某事本身的抽象困难”(如“学中文这件事很难”);
have difficulties in doing sth.(复数):侧重“做某事时遇到的多个具体困难”(如“学中文时,发音、汉字都有困难”)。
两者在多数情况下可通用,仅侧重点不同。
总结:这个短语是表达“做某事遇到困难”的常用结构,关键是记住动名词作宾语、in可省略,以及主谓一致的规则~