“hold back”是一个多义动词短语,核心含义是“控制、阻止或不释放/不进行”,具体意思需结合语境判断。以下是其常见含义、用法及例句的详细解析:
指控制住不表现出某种情感或做出某种行动(如眼泪、愤怒、笑声等)。
搭配:`hold back + 情感/冲动类名词`(tears, anger, laughter, frustration等)
例句:
She held back her tears when she heard the sad news.(听到坏消息时,她抑制住了眼泪。)
I had to hold back my laughter when he tripped over the cat.(他被猫绊倒时,我得忍住笑。)
指使某人或某事无法顺利进行或发展(如计划、项目、成长等)。
搭配:`hold back + sb./sth.`(阻碍的对象)
例句:
Lack of funding held back the development of the new hospital.(资金不足阻碍了新医院的建设。)
His shyness held him back from making friends easily.(他的害羞阻碍了他轻松交友。)
指不透露或刻意隐藏某些信息(如细节、事实、真相)。
搭配:`hold back + 信息类名词`(details, truth, facts, secrets等)
例句:
Why did you hold back the truth about the accident?(你为什么隐瞒事故的真相?)
He held back some important details from the police.(他向警方隐瞒了一些重要细节。)
指因害怕、不确定或害羞而不敢做某事,常与`from`搭配。
搭配:`hold back (from doing sth.)`(不及物,或后接`from + 动名词`)
例句:
Don’t hold back—just tell her how you feel!(别退缩,直接告诉她你的感受!)
She held back from joining the debate because she was nervous.(她因紧张而退缩,没参加辩论。)
1、 hold back tears/laughter:抑制眼泪/笑声
The movie was so touching that I could barely hold back my tears.(这部电影太感人了,我几乎忍不住眼泪。)
2、 hold sb. back from doing sth.:阻止某人做某事
Her parents tried to hold her back from moving abroad.(她父母试图阻止她出国。)
3、 hold back on sth.:忍住不做/不说(如批评、意见)
He held back on his criticism to avoid offending her.(他忍住没批评,以免冒犯她。)
4、 don’t hold back:别客气/别犹豫(鼓励对方表达或行动)
Don’t hold back—help yourself to more food!(别客气,再吃点!)
及物 vs. 不及物:
当表示“抑制、阻碍、隐瞒”时,`hold back`是及物动词短语(需接宾语);
当表示“退缩、犹豫”时,`hold back`是不及物动词短语(可单独使用,或后接`from + 动名词`)。
语境判断:需结合上下文区分含义(如“hold back tears”是“抑制眼泪”,“hold back the project”是“阻碍项目”)。
总结:`hold back`的核心是“控制/阻止不向外释放”,具体含义可通过“对象”(情感、人/事、信息、行动)快速判断。多结合例句练习,就能熟练掌握啦!