"by reason of sth." 是一个正式的介词短语,意为“由于;因为;鉴于”,强调“基于某种明确的理由/原因”,本质是引出导致某结果的原因或理由。
它与 "because of" "due to" "on account of" 同义,但更偏向书面语或正式语境(如法律文本、公文、严肃论述),日常口语中较少使用。
作为介词短语,"by reason of" 后面必须接名词、代词或动名词(即名词性成分),不能接从句。其结构通常为:
通过例子更直观理解其用法:
1、 因客观条件/事实:
The flight was delayed by reason of bad weather.
(航班因恶劣天气延误。)
2、 因身份/资格:
He was exempt from military service by reason of his disability.
(他因残疾免于服兵役。)
3、 因法律/规定:
The contract was terminated by reason of a breach of terms.
(合同因违反条款而终止。)
4、 因个人状况:
She couldn’t participate by reason of illness.
(她因病无法参加。)
5、 接动名词(注意:动名词需转化为名词性成分):
The project failed by reason of not having enough funding.
(项目因缺乏足够资金而失败。)
1、 正式性:"by reason of" 比 "because of" 更正式,适合法律文书、学术写作、官方声明等场景,日常对话中用 "because of" 更自然。
2、 不能接从句:若要接完整的句子(从句),需用 "because" 或 "since",而非 "by reason of"。例如:
✅ He missed the train because he overslept.(正确:接从句用 because)
❌ He missed the train by reason of he overslept.(错误:by reason of 不能接从句)
3、 同义替换:可与 "due to" "owing to" "on account of" 互换,但 "by reason of" 更强调“理由的合法性/合理性”(如法律原因、规定原因)。
总结:"by reason of sth." 是正式的“原因介词短语”,用于引出导致结果的“具体理由/原因”,后接名词性成分,常见于书面或正式语境。