英语短语 be referred to 是动词短语 refer to 的被动语态,核心含义围绕“指向、关联、交付”展开,具体意思需结合语境判断,常见用法可分为以下几类:
“be referred to”本质表示“(某事/物)被指向/关联到(另一事/物/人)”,具体场景下可译为:
指某事物在对话、文本中被“说到、涉及”。
例:The incident was briefly referred to in the news.(这起事件在新闻中被简要提及。)
Her name was never referred to during the meeting.(会议中从未提到她的名字。)
常用于学术、学习场景,表示“(资料、工具)被用来参考”。
例:This book is often referred to by linguistics students.(这本常被语言学学生查阅。)
When writing essays, reliable sources must be referred to.(写论文时必须参考可靠来源。)
指将问题、案件等“移交、提交给某人/机构处理”(常见于法律、行政场景)。
例:The dispute was referred to a mediator for resolution.(争端被提交给调解员解决。)
The case was referred to the Supreme Court due to its complexity.(由于案件复杂,被送交最高法院。)
这是最常用的固定结构,表示“(某事物)被命名/称为...(名称)”。
例:Carbon dioxide is often referred to as a "greenhouse gas".(二氧化碳常被称为“温室气体”。)
The ancient city is referred to as the "Cradle of Civilization".(这座古城被称为“文明的摇篮”。)
1、 介词搭配:
表示“提及/参考”:be referred to + 事物(如a book, a study);
表示“送交”:be referred to + 人/机构(如the police, a committee);
表示“被称为”:be referred to as + 名称(如a hero, a symbol)。
2、 主动 vs 被动:
主动态“refer to”强调“主动提及/参考”,被动态“be referred to”强调“被指向/关联”。
主动:I often refer to this dictionary.(我常查这本字典。)
被动:This dictionary is often referred to by me.(这本字典常被我查阅。)
日常对话:Did my proposal get referred to in the manager’s email?(我的提议在经理的邮件里被提到了吗?)
学术写作:Several previous studies are referred to in this paper.(本文参考了几项先前的研究。)
法律语境:The suspect was referred to the prosecutor for trial.(嫌疑人被提交检察官审判。)
科普说明:The region is referred to as the "Rainforest of the Sea" because of its biodiversity.(该区域因生物多样性被称为“海洋雨林”。)
简言之,“be referred to”的核心是“被关联到某对象”,具体意思需根据“关联的性质”(提及、参考、送交、命名)判断,而“be referred to as”是最易掌握的固定表达,用于“给事物冠名”。