英语短语"learn…by heart"的核心含义是“牢记;熟记;背下来”,强调通过用心记忆将内容彻底记住,达到能脱口而出或准确回忆的程度。
结构:`learn + 具体内容(名词/代词/从句) + by heart`
“by heart”是方式状语,修饰“learn”,表示“用心/凭记忆”的方式。
适用对象:通常接需要背诵或精准记忆的内容,如单词、诗句、台词、公式、电话号码等。
记单词:You need to learn these new words by heart before the test.(考试前你需要把这些新单词背下来。)
背诗句:She learned the ancient poem by heart in just 10 minutes.(她只用10分钟就把那首古诗背下来了。)
记台词:The actor had to learn all his lines by heart for the play.(演员必须把剧中所有台词都背熟。)
代指内容:I read the article twice and learned it by heart.(我把文章读了两遍,然后背下来了。)(“it”指代前文的“article”)
memorize:与“learn…by heart”含义相近,均表示“记忆”,但“learn…by heart”更强调“用心去记”的过程,而“memorize”更侧重“完成记忆”的结果(如:Memorize this formula. = Learn this formula by heart.)。
know…by heart:是“learn…by heart”的结果,意为“已经记熟”(如:I know that song by heart. 我对那首歌倒背如流。)
固定搭配,不可替换为“by mind”或“by memory”(learn…by mind 是错误表达)。
可用于被动语态:The new rules were learned by heart by all employees.(所有员工都背熟了新规定。)
总结:"learn…by heart"是表达“背诵、牢记”的常用短语,适用于需要精准记忆的场景,强调主动用心记忆的过程。