“take measures against”是一个常用的英语短语，核心含义是“采取措施针对/应对/防范/抵制……”，强调为了对抗、阻止某一负面情况（如问题、威胁、风险等）而主动采取行动。
take measures：字面是“采取措施”，是“实施行动、办法”的常用表达；
against：介词，表“针对、对抗、防止”，引出需要应对的负面对象（如问题、危险、不良行为等）。
短语的基本结构是：take measures against + 名词/动名词/名词性短语（即“应对的对象”）。
注意：“against”后接需要被阻止或解决的事物（多为负面情况），不能接“正面目标”。
The government has taken strict measures against air pollution.
政府已采取严格措施应对空气污染。
Schools must take effective measures against bullying (欺凌).
学校必须采取有效措施防范欺凌行为。
We need to take immediate measures against the spread of the virus.
我们需要立即采取措施防止病毒传播。
Companies are taking measures against data leaks (数据泄露) to protect user privacy.
企业正采取措施防范数据泄露，以保护用户隐私。
Strict measures should be taken against illegal logging (非法伐木).
应该采取严格措施抵制非法伐木。
Measures have been taken against food safety issues in this region.
该地区已针对食品安全问题采取了措施。
The school took measures against cheating in exams.
学校采取措施防范考试作弊。
Cities around the world are taking measures against wasting water.
全球各地的城市正采取措施防止水资源浪费。
take steps against（“steps”与“measures”同义，更口语化）；
adopt measures against（“adopt”表“采用”，更正式）；
implement measures against（“implement”表“执行”，强调落地）。
“take measures against”是解决问题、防范风险的高频表达，核心是“针对负面对象采取行动”。只要记住后面接“需要应对的坏情况”，就能灵活使用啦！