“not so...as”是英语中原级比较的否定结构,核心含义是“不如……那样……”“不像……一样……”,用于否定两者在某一属性(如大小、速度、程度等)上的等同性,强调前者在该属性上“不如”后者。
“not so...as”的完整结构为:
若谓语是be动词(am/is/are/was/were),直接在be动词后加“not”;
若谓语是实义动词(如run, eat, work),需借助助动词(do/does/did)构成否定;
若谓语是情态动词(can/may/must等),直接在情态动词后加“not”。
例:
This apple is not so sweet as that one.
这个苹果不如那个甜。
She is not so tall as her sister.
她不如她姐姐高。
例:
He doesn’t sing so well as his brother.
他唱歌不如他哥哥好。(实义动词sing,用助动词does否定)
The car can’t go so fast as the train.
汽车不如火车跑得快。(情态动词can,直接加not)
例:
There are not so many students in this class as in that one.
这个班的学生不如那个班多。
I have not so much money as you.
我的钱不如你多。
“not so...as”和“not as...as”含义几乎完全相同,均表示“不如……”,多数情况下可以互换。
细微差异:“not so...as”更偏向正式或书面语,“not as...as”更口语化。
例:
She is not as smart as her friend.(口语)
She is not so smart as her friend.(书面/正式)
注意:“so as to”是目的状语结构,表示“为了……;以便……”,与“not so...as”(比较结构)完全无关!
例:
He got up early so as to catch the first bus.
他早起是为了赶第一班公交车。
1、 必须用原级:比较的形容词/副词需用原级(如tall,而非taller),不能用比较级或最高级。
❌错误:He is not so taller as me.
✅正确:He is not so tall as me.
2、 比较对象要一致:比较的两者需属于同一类别(如“书”和“书”比较,“人”和“人”比较),避免逻辑错误。
❌错误:This book is not so interesting as him.(书和人无法比较)
✅正确:This book is not so interesting as his (book).
“not so...as”是否定原级比较的核心结构,本质是用“so”强调程度,用“not”否定等同性,最终表达“前者不如后者”。掌握其结构(原级+比较对象)和用法(修饰形容词/副词/数量词),就能准确使用啦!