"help"后面接不定式(to do)时,不定式符号"to"通常可以省略,尤其是在主动语态和日常口语中,省略"to"更常见。因此,"help to do sth."常简化为"help do sth."。
help (to) do sth.(主语直接参与帮助):主语是帮助的实施者,直接协助完成动作。
例:
I often help (to) clean the classroom after school.(我经常放学后帮忙打扫教室。)
She helps (to) take care of her grandma on weekends.(她周末帮忙照顾奶奶。)
help sb. (to) do sth.(帮助某人做某事):最常用的扩展结构,"sb."是动作的主要执行者,主语提供协助。
例:
Can you help me (to) carry this heavy box?(你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗?)
The teacher helps students (to) solve math problems.(老师帮助学生解数学题。)
如果句子是被动语态(即“某人被帮助做某事”),不定式符号"to"不能省略,必须保留。
例:
The old man was helped to cross the street by a kind boy.(这位老人被一个善良的男孩帮助过马路。)
The project was helped to finish on time by our team.(这个项目在我们团队的帮助下按时完成了。)
若要表达“帮助做某事”,还可以用"help with sth."(后面接名词或动名词,表示具体的任务),与"help (to) do sth."互换。
例:
She helps with the housework every day.(= She helps to do the housework every day.)(她每天帮忙做家务。)
Can you help with cooking dinner?(= Can you help to cook dinner?)(你能帮忙做晚饭吗?)
1、 区分"help (to) do"与"can't help doing":
"help (to) do"表示“帮助做某事”;
"can't help doing"是固定搭配,意为“忍不住/情不自禁做某事”(注意这里的"help"含义不同)。
例:
I can't help laughing at his funny joke.(我忍不住为他的玩笑笑了。)(不是“帮助笑”,而是“忍不住笑”。)
2、 "help doing"的错误用法:
单独的"help doing sth."是错误表达,必须与否定词"can't/couldn't"搭配使用(即"can't help doing")。
"help to do sth."的核心是“帮助完成动作”,关键在于:
主动语态中"to"可省,简化为"help do sth.";
被动语态中"to"必须保留;
常用扩展结构"help sb. (to) do sth.";
同义替换"help with sth."。
通过以上规则,就能正确使用这个短语啦!