英语短语"be made to do sth."的核心含义是"被迫做某事;被要求做某事",是主动结构"make sb. do sth."(让某人做某事)的被动语态形式。
"make"作为使役动词(表示“使/让”),主动结构中后面接不带to的不定式(即"make sb. do sth.");但变被动语态时,必须还原不定式符号"to",形成"sb. be made to do sth."。
例如:
主动:The boss made the employees work overtime.(老板让员工加班。)
被动:The employees were made to work overtime by the boss.(员工被迫加班。)
1、 基本结构:
主语(动作承受者) + be动词(时态/人称变化) + made + to + 动词原形 + 其他成分。
2、 时态变化:
一般现在时:am/is/are made to do
e.g. She is made to practice piano every day.(她被迫每天练钢琴。)
一般过去时:was/were made to do
e.g. I was made to apologize to him.(我被要求向他道歉。)
现在完成时:have/has been made to do
e.g. They have been made to sign the contract.(他们被迫签了合同。)
情态动词+be made to do
e.g. You shouldn’t be made to do something you hate.(你不应该被迫做你讨厌的事。)
主语通常是人:因为"be made to do"强调“人被他人迫使/要求做某事”,主语是动作的承受者(即原主动句中的"sb.")。
隐含“不情愿”:该短语常带有“并非出于自愿”的意味,类似"be forced to do sth."(被迫做),但更侧重“被他人要求”。
1、 The students were made to stay in the classroom after school.(学生们放学后被要求留在教室。)
2、 He is made to clean his room every weekend.(他每个周末都被迫打扫房间。)
3、 We have never been made to work on holidays.(我们从未被迫在节假日工作。)
简言之,"be made to do sth."是使役动词"make"的被动形式,核心是“被动承受‘做某事’的要求或迫使”,关键是被动时必须加"to"。