该短语的关键是"be动词"的时态/人称变化,因为"be"会根据主语的人称、数和句子时态调整形式,而"able to"固定接动词原形。以下是常见用法场景:
"be able to"可用于任何时态(而"can"仅能表示现在/过去,无将来/完成时形式),具体如下:
一般现在时(am/is/are able to):描述当前的能力
例:I am able to play the piano.(我会弹钢琴。)
She is able to speak three languages.(她会说三种语言。)
一般过去时(was/were able to):描述过去的能力或过去具体某次成功完成的动作(此时不能用"could","could"仅表过去有能力但未明确是否实施)
例:He was able to pass the exam after hard work.(他努力后通过了考试。)
They were able to reach the top of the mountain yesterday.(他们昨天成功登顶了。)
一般将来时(will be able to):描述未来的能力或可能性
例:We will be able to travel abroad next year.(我们明年能出国旅行。)
现在完成时(have/has been able to):描述从过去到现在持续的能力或已完成的动作
例:She has been able to run 5 kilometers since she started training.(自从开始训练,她能跑5公里了。)
否定句:在"be动词"后加"not"(is not/isn't, are not/aren't, was not/wasn't等)
例:He isn't able to come to the party tonight.(他今晚不能来参加派对。)
They weren't able to finish the project on time.(他们没能按时完成项目。)
疑问句:将"be动词"提前至句首
例:Are you able to help me with my homework?(你能帮我做作业吗?)
Was she able to catch the bus this morning?(她今早赶上公交车了吗?)
"be able to"的主语可以是人(表能力)或物(表功能/性能):
人:I am able to swim.(我会游泳。)
物:This robot is able to clean the floor automatically.(这个机器人能自动拖地。)
特征 | "be able to" | "can" |
---|---|---|
时态覆盖 | 所有时态(现在/过去/将来/完成时等) | 仅现在时(can)、过去时(could) |
强调重点 | 强调通过努力/条件达成的能力 | 强调天生/固有的能力 |
具体动作(过去) | 可表示过去具体某次成功完成的动作 | 仅表示过去有能力,不明确是否实施 |
例:
He could swim when he was 5.(他5岁时会游泳。→ 固有能力)
He was able to swim across the river yesterday.(他昨天成功游过了河。→ 具体动作)
"be able to do sth."是一个灵活的能力表达结构,核心是通过"be动词"的变化适配不同时态和主语,强调“有能力/条件做某事”,尤其适合需要明确时态或突出“努力后达成”的场景。
常见例句回顾:
现在:We are able to solve this problem.(我们能解决这个问题。)
过去:She was able to get the job because of her experience.(她因为经验丰富得到了这份工作。)
将来:You will be able to speak fluent English soon.(你很快就能说流利的英语了。)
否定:I'm not able to attend the meeting tomorrow.(我明天不能参加会议。)
疑问:Are they able to finish the work before 6?(他们能在6点前完成工作吗?)