"previous to" 是一个介词短语,意为“在……之前;先于……”(= before 或 prior to),强调时间上的先后顺序,语气比普通的 "before" 更正式,常用于书面语或正式语境。
"previous to" 作为介词短语,后面必须接名词、代词或动名词(-ing 形式)(因为 "to" 在此处是介词,而非不定式符号),不能直接接从句。
以下是常见用法的例句,帮你更好理解:
1、 接名词:
Previous to the concert, we had dinner at a nearby restaurant.(音乐会开始前,我们在附近的餐厅吃了晚饭。)
She had no experience in teaching previous to this job.(在这份工作之前,她没有教学经验。)
2、 接代词:
I had never met him previous to that.(在那之前,我从未见过他。)
3、 接动名词(-ing):
Previous to leaving the house, make sure you turn off the lights.(离开房子前,确保关掉灯。)
He always checks his emails previous to starting work.(他总是在开始工作前查看邮件。)
1、 不能接从句:
"previous to" 是介词短语,后面不能直接接完整的句子(从句)。若要表达“在……做某事之前”,需将从句转化为名词性结构(如动名词或名词短语):
错误:Previous to I arrived, the meeting had already started.
正确:Previous to my arrival, the meeting had already started.(我到达前,会议已经开始了。)
或用 "before" 接从句:Before I arrived, the meeting had already started.
2、 与 "previously" 的区别:
"previously" 是副词,意为“以前;先前”,需修饰动词或整个句子,不能接名词;而 "previous to" 是介词短语,必须接名词性成分:
He previously worked as a journalist.(他以前是记者。)(副词,修饰动词 "worked")
Previous to working as a journalist, he studied law.(在当记者之前,他学法律。)(介词短语,接动名词 "working")
"previous to" 可替换为更常用的 before(口语/书面语通用)或更正式的 prior to(书面语常用),意思基本一致:
Prior to the election, candidates held several debates.(选举前,候选人举行了几场辩论。)
Before the election, candidates held several debates.(同上,更口语化)
总结:"previous to" 是正式的时间介词短语,后接名词/代词/动名词,表达“在……之前”,适合书面或正式场合,日常口语中更常用 "before"。