英语短语"subject to"是一个高频且多义的表达,核心逻辑是“与某事物存在依赖、受辖或易受影响的关系”。其具体含义和用法需结合语境判断,以下是最常见的义项及用法解析:
指人或事物处于某个规则、权威或力量的管控之下。
The company’s operations are subject to local labor laws.(公司运营需服从当地劳动法。)
All passengers are subject to security checks before boarding.(所有乘客登机前必须接受安检。)
强调“容易遭受或经历某事物(通常是负面的)”。
Children are more subject to colds than adults.(儿童比成人更易感冒。)
The coastal area is subject to frequent typhoons.(沿海地区常受台风影响。)
表示某事的成立或发生需要满足某个前提。
Your job offer is subject to a background check.(你的录用取决于背景调查结果。)
The trip is subject to weather conditions.(行程视天气情况而定。)
指事物尚未最终确定,需要后续步骤。
The plan is subject to approval by the board.(该计划有待董事会批准。)
The price is subject to change without notice.(价格可能随时变更,不另行通知。)
这是最常见的系表结构,其中“subject”是形容词,意为“受……影响的;服从的”。
She is subject to migraines when stressed.(她压力大时易偏头痛。)
The contract is subject to revising.(合同有待修改。)
意为“使某人/某物遭受;使服从于”(主动将其置于某种状态)。
The government subjected the industry to strict environmental regulations.(政府对该行业实施严格的环保法规。)
Don’t subject your eyes to too much screen time.(别让眼睛过度看屏幕。)
subject to availability:视供应情况而定(如餐厅点餐时:“The dish is subject to availability.” 这道菜售完即止。)
subject to confirmation:有待确认(如酒店预订:“Your room is subject to confirmation.” 您的房间有待确认。)
subject to change:可能变更(常见于条款中)
subject to approval:有待批准
正式语境(法律/合同/公文):强调“约束性”或“条件性”,如:
“This agreement is subject to the laws of New York.”(本协议受纽约州法律约束。)
日常语境:强调“易受影响”或“取决于”,如:
“I’m subject to allergies in spring.”(我春天容易过敏。)
"subject to"的核心是“与某事物的依赖/受辖关系”,关键是根据语境判断“被支配、易受影响、取决于”中的哪一层含义。记住常见搭配和结构(尤其是be subject to和subject sb./sth. to),就能准确使用啦!