"sprain one's ankle" 是动词短语,字面直译是“扭伤某人的脚踝”,具体指因外力扭转、拉伸或过度弯折导致脚踝部位的韧带受伤(医学上称为“踝关节扭伤”)。
sprain:动词,意为“扭伤(关节/韧带)”(强调“因外力导致的韧带损伤”,区别于“twist”<扭转>的广义);
one's:形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/our/their等),需与主语保持一致;
ankle:名词,“脚踝”(踝关节,连接脚和小腿的部位)。
该短语通常作谓语,描述“扭伤脚踝”的动作,常见时态为一般过去时(因为“扭伤”是瞬间发生的过去事件),也可用于一般现在时(描述习惯性动作,但较少见)。
I sprained my ankle when I jumped off the stairs.(我从楼梯上跳下来时扭伤了脚踝。)
She often sprains her ankle because she wears high heels every day.(她经常扭伤脚踝,因为她每天穿高跟鞋。)
Did you sprain your ankle playing soccer yesterday?(你昨天踢足球时扭伤脚踝了吗?)
可在短语中加入副词(如 badly<严重地>、slightly<轻微地>)或从句(如 while doing sth.<在做某事时>),细化“扭伤”的具体情况:
He sprained his ankle badly in a basketball game and had to use crutches.(他在篮球比赛中严重扭伤了脚踝,不得不拄拐杖。)
I sprained my ankle slightly while hiking last weekend.(上周末徒步时我轻微扭伤了脚踝。)
They sprained their ankles when the floor was wet.(地板湿滑时,他们扭伤了脚踝。)
若强调“脚踝被扭伤”,可转换为被动,但更自然的表达仍是主动:
My ankle was sprained during a yoga class.(我的脚踝在瑜伽课上被扭伤了。)
twist one's ankle:字面“扭转脚踝”,口语中常与“sprain one's ankle”互换,但“twist”更强调“扭转动作”,“sprain”更侧重“韧带损伤”的结果。
该短语常用于描述意外受伤的场景,如:
运动(篮球、足球、跑步等);
日常活动(踩空台阶、穿高跟鞋走路、地面湿滑等);
户外探险(徒步、登山等)。
总结:"sprain one's ankle" 是描述“脚踝扭伤”的常用短语,核心是“因外力导致脚踝韧带受伤”,用法上需注意主语与物主代词一致,且多使用过去时。