"to sum up" 是一个总结性过渡短语,核心含义是“总之;概括地说;总结一下”,用于对前文内容进行归纳、提炼或收尾,帮助梳理逻辑、强化核心观点。
等同于以下表达:
in conclusion(总之)
to conclude(总结)
in summary(概括而言)
all in all(总的来说)
1、 位置:通常放在句首(作为过渡语),后面加逗号,再接总结内容;也可放在句中(较少见,需用逗号分隔)。
2、 功能:用于结尾或段落衔接,将分散的观点、论据或事件浓缩成核心结论,让表达更简洁、逻辑更清晰。
用于文章结尾,归纳前文的论点或建议:
To sum up, the government should prioritize education funding to reduce inequality.
(总之,政府应优先投入教育资金以减少不平等。)
We’ve discussed the benefits of exercise, the risks of a sedentary lifestyle, and practical ways to stay active. To sum up, small daily changes can have a big impact on health.
(我们讨论了运动的好处、久坐的风险,以及保持活跃的实用方法。总结一下,日常的小改变能对健康产生大影响。)
用于梳理对话或会议的核心要点,避免遗漏:
A: We need to book the venue by Friday, confirm the guest list by next Monday, and prepare the agenda by Wednesday.
B: To sum up, three tasks: venue (Fri), guest list (Mon), agenda (Wed). Got it.
(A:我们需要周五前订场地,下周一前确认嘉宾名单,周三前准备议程。
B:总结一下,三项任务:场地(周五)、嘉宾名单(周一)、议程(周三)。明白了。)
用于提炼复杂流程或信息的核心:
First, preheat the oven to 180°C. Then, mix the flour and sugar. Next, add the eggs and butter. To sum up, the recipe has three main steps: preheat, mix dry ingredients, add wet ingredients.
(首先,将烤箱预热至180°C。然后,混合面粉和糖。接着,加入鸡蛋和黄油。总之,食谱有三个主要步骤:预热、混合干配料、加入湿配料。)
"to sum up" 是口语和书面语都常用的短语,但更偏向正式或半正式场景(日常对话中也可使用,不生硬)。
避免过度使用:若前文已经很简洁,无需强行用总结短语,否则会显得冗余。
总结来说,"to sum up" 是一个高效的“总结工具”,帮助听众/读者快速抓住核心,是写作和沟通中梳理逻辑的好帮手~