“cut down”是英语中常用的短语动词,核心含义围绕“降低、削减、移除”,具体用法和意思需结合语境判断。以下是主要含义、用法及例句的详细解析:
最常用的含义,强调“降低某物的量或频率”,通常与介词on搭配(`cut down on sth`),也可直接加宾语(较口语化)。
搭配:`cut down on + 名词/动名词`(减少…);`cut down sth`(削减某物,较少用)
例句:
I need to cut down on coffee—it’s keeping me awake at night.(我得少喝咖啡了,它让我晚上睡不着。)
The company decided to cut down on expenses by closing two offices.(公司决定关闭两个办公室以削减开支。)
Can you cut down your screen time? It’s bad for your eyes.(你能减少屏幕使用时间吗?对眼睛不好。)
指用工具(如斧头、锯子)将物体从根部或底部切断,直接加宾语(`cut down + 名词`)。
例句:
They cut down the old pine tree in the backyard because it was dangerous.(他们砍倒了后院的老松树,因为它有危险。)
Deforestation happens when people cut down too many trees for farmland.(人们为了耕地砍伐太多树木时,就会发生森林砍伐。)
指将文字、时间、流程等“压缩到更短的版本”,直接加宾语(`cut down + 名词`)。
例句:
The editor told me to cut down the essay to 500 words.(编辑让我把文章缩短到500字。)
Let’s cut down the meeting time—we don’t need two hours.(我们把会议时间缩短吧,不需要两小时。)
口语中可表示“击倒、杀死”(尤指战斗或冲突中),直接加宾语。
例句:
The soldier cut down three enemies with his rifle.(士兵用步枪击倒了三个敌人。)
The disease cut him down at a young age.(疾病让他英年早逝。)
1、 代词宾语的位置:若宾语是代词(如it/them),需放在“cut”和“down”中间(`cut + 代词 + down`),不能说`cut down it`。
正确:Please cut it down—it’s blocking the road.(请把它砍倒,它挡住了路。)
错误:Please cut down it.
2、 “减少” vs “砍倒”的区分:
表示“减少”时,必须加on(`cut down on sth`),否则易混淆为“砍倒”。
例:`cut down on trees`(减少树木的砍伐,即少砍树) vs `cut down trees`(砍倒树木)。
3、 时态与语态:
过去式/过去分词:`cut down`(cut的时态不变);
被动语态:`be cut down`(被砍倒/被削减)。
例:The forest has been cut down for urban development.(这片森林因城市发展被砍伐了。)
`cut down on smoking`:减少吸烟
`cut down on spending`:削减开支
`cut down a tree`:砍倒一棵树
`cut down the report`:缩短报告
`cut down the price`:降低价格(较口语,更正式用`reduce the price`)
总结:“cut down”的核心是“使…变小/变少/变短”,具体意思由宾语和语境决定,重点区分“减少(+on)”与“砍倒/缩短(直接加宾语)”的用法。