“consist of”是英语中表达整体与部分关系的核心短语,以下是其详细含义与用法解析:
意为“由……组成/构成”,用于说明某个整体(主语)是由哪些具体部分或元素(宾语)组合而成。
主语必须是“整体”(如团队、物体、组织、概念等),宾语必须是“组成整体的部分/成分”(可单数或复数)。
The committee consists of five experts.(委员会由5位专家组成。)
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.(水由氢和氧构成。)
“consist of”本身已表达“整体包含部分”的主动逻辑,绝对不能用被动结构(be consisted of)。
❌ 错误:The cake is consisted of flour and eggs.
✔️ 正确:The cake consists of flour and eggs.(蛋糕由面粉和鸡蛋做成。)
一般现在时:描述客观事实/常态(最常用)。
例:Our school consists of three teaching buildings and a playground.(我们学校有3栋教学楼和一个操场。)
一般过去时:描述过去的状态。
例:The old village consisted of 20 wooden houses 10 years ago.(10年前,这个旧村落由20间木屋组成。)
宾语通常是名词/名词短语(因为是“具体成分”),不接动名词(doing)或从句。
❌ 错误:The plan consists of solving the problem.
✔️ 正确:The plan consists of three steps to solve the problem.(这个计划包含解决问题的3个步骤。)
consist of:整体→部分(= be made up of)
consist in:强调“本质/核心在于……”(= lie in)
例:Success consists in hard work, not luck.(成功在于努力,而非运气。)
1、 The menu consists of appetizers, main dishes and desserts.(菜单包含前菜、主菜和甜点。)
2、 This book consists of 12 chapters and an introduction.(这本书有12章和一篇引言。)
3、 The band consists of a singer, a guitarist and a drummer.(这个乐队由一名歌手、一名吉他手和一名鼓手组成。)
总结:用“consist of”时,只需记住“整体在前,部分在后,不用被动”,就能准确描述“组成关系”啦!