“defend…against…”是英语中侧重“主动对抗威胁以保护”的核心动词短语,以下是其详细解析:
强调通过主动行动(如抵抗、辩护、防御),维护某人/某物的安全、权益或完整性,对抗外部的不利因素。
被保护对象:可以是具体的人(oneself, a child)、物(a country, a building),或抽象概念(rights, reputation);
威胁来源:可以是具体的攻击者(enemies, bullies)、灾害(floods, fire),或抽象的不利行为(criticism, accusations)。
通过不同场景的例子,快速掌握其用法:
1、 保护人免受伤害
She defended her sister against the aggressive dog.(她保护妹妹免受恶犬攻击。)
The teacher defended the student against unfair punishment.(老师为学生辩护,反对不公平的处罚。)
2、 捍卫国家/领土
Soldiers swear to defend their motherland against foreign invasion.(士兵发誓捍卫祖国免受外敌入侵。)
The castle was built to defend the town against raiders.(这座城堡是为了保护城镇免受掠夺者袭击而建的。)
3、 维护权益/名誉
We must defend our privacy against unauthorized data collection.(我们必须保护隐私,反对未经授权的数据收集。)
He hired a lawyer to defend his reputation against false rumors.(他聘请律师为名誉辩护,反驳虚假谣言。)
4、 保护物品免受破坏
This spray defends plants against pests.(这种喷雾保护植物免受害虫侵害。)
The case defends the phone against drops and scratches.(这个手机壳保护手机免受摔落和刮擦。)
可与defend…from…互换,但against更强调“对抗性”(针对有攻击性的威胁),from更侧重“防止”(中性伤害来源):
Defend the crops from frost.(防止作物受霜冻)→ 中性“避免”;
Defend the crops against locusts.(抵御蝗虫侵害)→ 主动“对抗”。
“defend…against…”是表达“主动保护”的高频短语,关键是理清“被保护者”和“威胁来源”的逻辑关系——用它描述“为了某人/某物,对抗某威胁”的场景,就能准确使用。