“catch up with”是英语中常用的短语动词,核心含义是“赶上”,但具体用法可分为三大场景,以下是详细解析:
字面义为“追上、赶上(具体的人或物)”,延伸为“赶上(抽象的进度、水平)”,或“(坏结果/报应)终于降临到某人头上”。
指通过行动(跑、加快速度等)缩小与前方对象的距离,最终追上。
I had to run fast to catch up with the bus before it left.(我得快跑才能在公交车开走前赶上它。)
She walked so quickly that I could barely catch up with her.(她走得太快,我几乎追不上她。)
指弥补差距,达到与他人/目标一致的状态(常用于学习、工作、技能等场景)。
After missing a week of school, I need to catch up with my classmates in math.(缺课一周后,我得在数学上赶上同学。)
If you don’t study hard, you’ll never catch up with the top students.(不努力学习的话,你永远赶不上尖子生。)
I have a lot of work to catch up with after taking a vacation.(度假回来后,我有很多工作要补上进度。)
指过去的错误、坏习惯等“找上门来”,导致负面后果(常用被动或拟人化表达)。
His years of smoking finally caught up with him when he was diagnosed with lung cancer.(他抽了多年烟,终于在被诊断出肺癌时尝到了苦果。)
If you keep lying, the truth will eventually catch up with you.(如果你一直撒谎,真相最终会找上你。)
catch up with:强调“追上(对象)”(人、物、进度),后面接“被追赶的对象”;
catch up on:强调“补上(未做的事)”(如作业、睡眠、新闻等),后面接“需要补做的内容”。
例:
I need to catch up with my friend who’s ahead in the project.(我得追上项目中领先的朋友。)
I need to catch up on my homework before tomorrow’s class.(我得在明天上课前补完作业。)
catch up with sb.(追上某人)
catch up with sth.(赶上某事/进度)
catch up with one’s mistakes(为错误付出代价)
总结:“catch up with”的核心是“缩小差距,达到一致”,无论是具体的“追赶”还是抽象的“补进度”,甚至是“报应降临”,本质都是“之前落后/逃避的东西,最终被追上”。