英语短语"couldn't help"的核心含义是“忍不住;禁不住;无法控制自己”,用于表达因情感或情境触发的、难以抑制的行为或反应。
"couldn't help" 是 "can't help" 的过去式(can't 是现在时,couldn't 是过去时),二者用法一致,仅时态不同。其常见结构有以下3种:
此处 "help" 意为“避免;阻止”(而非“帮助”),后接动名词(doing),表示“无法阻止自己做某事”。
例子:
I couldn't help laughing when I saw his funny face.(看到他滑稽的脸,我忍不住笑了。)
She couldn't help crying at the sad ending of the movie.(电影的悲剧结局让她忍不住哭了。)
The smell of coffee was so strong that I couldn't help taking a sip.(咖啡的香气太浓,我忍不住喝了一口。)
后接动词原形(do),语气更强调“无法避免”,常与 "but" 搭配。
例子:
I couldn't help but feel sorry for the homeless man.(我忍不住为那个无家可归的人感到难过。)
He couldn't help but complain about the traffic jam.(他忍不住抱怨交通堵塞。)
She couldn't help but cry when she heard the bad news.(听到坏消息时,她忍不住哭了。)
后接反身代词(oneself),直接表示“忍不住;情不自禁”。
例子:
The cake looked so delicious that I couldn't help myself—I ate the whole thing!(蛋糕看起来太好吃了,我忍不住——把整个都吃了!)
When she saw the puppy, she couldn't help herself and picked it up.(看到小狗时,她情不自禁地把它抱了起来。)
1、 不能接不定式(to do):
错误:I couldn't help to laugh.(×)
正确:I couldn't help laughing. / I couldn't help but laugh.(√)
(原因:此处 "help" 是“避免”的意思,而非“帮助”,因此不接不定式。)
2、 时态对应:
现在时:can't help doing sth.(现在忍不住)
例:I can't help thinking about the exam tomorrow.(我现在忍不住想明天的考试。)
过去时:couldn't help doing sth.(过去忍不住)
例:Yesterday, I couldn't help buying that new book.(昨天,我忍不住买了那本新书。)
3、 情感与情境:
通常用于表达自然的情感反应(如开心、难过、好奇、愤怒等),或无法抗拒的冲动(如美食、美景的诱惑)。
意思:忍不住;禁不住;无法控制自己。
核心结构:
① couldn't help doing sth.(最常用)
② couldn't help but do sth.(较正式)
③ couldn't help oneself(强调自我控制)
通过以上结构,你可以准确表达“情不自禁”的状态啦!