"be obliged to"是一个多义且正式的英语短语,核心含义围绕“义务”或“感激”,具体用法和含义需结合语境判断。以下是详细解析:
强调外界压力、法律/规则/道德约束下的“必须”,比"have to"或"must"更正式,常对应“义务”“责任”的语境。
结构:`be obliged to do sth.`(后接动词原形,不能接动名词)
例句:
Employers are legally obliged to pay minimum wage.(雇主依法必须支付最低工资。)
We are obliged to follow the school’s safety rules.(我们有义务遵守学校的安全规定。)
The bad weather obliged us to cancel the picnic.(恶劣天气迫使我们取消了野餐。)
用于正式表达感谢,强调“因对方的帮助而受惠”,相当于"be grateful to"或"thank"的正式版。
结构:`be obliged to sb. (for sth./doing sth.)`
例句:
I’m much obliged to you for helping me move house.(非常感谢你帮我搬家。)
We are obliged to our neighbors for watching our dog while we were away.(我们感激邻居在我们外出时帮我们看狗。)
与"have to"/"must"的区别:
"be obliged to"更强调“被动的义务”(因外部规则/他人要求),而"have to"侧重“客观需要”,"must"侧重“主观判断”。
例:
I have to leave early to catch the train.(客观需要:赶火车)
You must apologize to her.(主观判断:应该道歉)
We are obliged to report the accident to the police.(外部要求:法律规定)
与"oblige sb. to do sth."的关系:
主动形式`oblige sb. to do sth.`表示“迫使某人做某事”,被动形式即`sb. be obliged to do sth.`(某人被迫/必须做某事)。
例:The contract obliges them to deliver the goods by Monday.(合同迫使他们周一前交货。)→ They are obliged to deliver the goods by Monday.(他们必须周一前交货。)
法律/规则:`be legally obliged to`(依法必须)
道德/责任:`be morally obliged to`(在道德上有义务)
感谢:`be very/much obliged to`(非常感谢)
"be obliged to"的核心是“约束”或“感恩”:
接动词原形(`to do`)→ 不得不/有义务做;
接人(`to sb.`)→ 感激某人。
这个短语多用于正式场合(如法律文本、商务沟通、礼貌致谢),日常口语中可简化为"have to"或"thank you"。