“by the book”是一个常用的英语短语,核心含义是“严格按规则/规定/书本(书面条文)办事”,强调完全遵循已有的书面准则(如规则手册、法律条文、操作流程等),不越界、不灵活变通。
字面直译是“按书本(来)”,引申为“循规蹈矩、照章办事”,突出对“书面规则”的严格遵守(区别于“凭经验”“灵活处理”)。
作为介词短语,通常作状语(修饰动词)或表语(说明主语的状态),常见搭配有:
结构:do sth by the book(按规则做某事)
例:
The teacher grades papers by the book—no extra credit for effort.(这位老师评分严格按规则来——努力不会给额外分。)
The new manager insists on handling all projects by the book to avoid mistakes.(新经理坚持所有项目都按章处理,以防出错。)
例:
If you want to win this game, you have to play by the book.(想赢这个游戏,你得按规则来。)
The company’s HR department always follows by the book when hiring.(公司HR部门招聘时总是严格按规定来。)
例:
The restaurant’s health and safety practices are by the book—it passed the inspection easily.(这家餐厅的健康安全操作完全合规——轻松通过了检查。)
反义词:bend the rules(灵活变通/钻规则空子)、break the rules(违反规则)
近义词:stick to the rules(遵守规则)、abide by the rules(遵循规则)
注:“by the book”更强调“书面规则”,而“stick to the rules”可指一般规则(书面或口头)。
by the rule book(更明确“规则手册”):He runs the store by the rule book—no exceptions.(他管理店铺严格按规则手册来——没有例外。)
not by the book(不按规则):Her approach to teaching is not by the book, but it works.(她的教学方法不循规蹈矩,但很有效。)
“by the book”的核心是“严格遵循书面规定”,适用于描述“守规矩、不灵活”的行为,常见于工作、法律、游戏等需要明确规则的场景。理解时重点抓“书面准则”和“严格执行”两个关键点即可。