"tell off"是一个常用的英语短语,核心含义有两个,分别对应不同的语境和用法,以下是详细解析:
指因某人做错事而严厉批评、指责,是日常口语中表达“骂/训人”的常用说法。
基本结构:`tell sb off`(训斥某人)
引出原因:`tell sb off for sth` / `tell sb off for doing sth`(因某事/做某事而训斥某人)
My dad told me off for forgetting to feed the dog.(我爸爸因为我忘了喂狗而训斥我。)
The teacher told off the whole class for being too noisy during the test.(老师因为考试时全班太吵而训斥了大家。)
She got told off by her boss for missing the important meeting.(她因为错过重要会议被老板责备了。)
Don’t be late again—you’ll get told off!(别再迟到了,不然你会挨训的!)
指给某人分配具体的任务或职责,多用于非正式语境(如工作、日常安排)。
基本结构:`tell sb off to do sth`(指派某人做某事)
简化表达:`tell off sb for a task`(为某任务分派某人)
The supervisor told off three workers to fix the broken machine.(主管派了三个工人去修坏机器。)
Can you tell off someone to help me carry these boxes?(你能派个人来帮我搬这些箱子吗?)
We were told off to prepare the party room before the guests arrive.(我们被指派在客人到达前准备好派对房间。)
1、 及物性:`tell off`是及物动词短语,后面必须接宾语(sb),不能省略。
✖ 错误:He told off for lying.(缺宾语)
✔ 正确:He told her off for lying.(他因她撒谎而训斥她。)
2、 被动语态:常见被动形式`be told off`,表示“被责备/被指派”。
She was told off for being rude to customers.(她因对顾客无礼被责备。)
We were told off to clean the classroom.(我们被指派打扫教室。)
3、 语境区分:
若后面接`for`+ 错误行为 → 表“责备”;
若后面接`to do`+ 任务 → 表“分派”。
责备:scold(责骂)、reprimand(正式批评)、chew out(口语:痛骂)、dress down(口语:训斥);
分派:assign(分配)、delegate(委派)、put in charge of(负责)。
通过以上解析,你可以根据语境中的关键词(如`for`+错误/`to do`+任务)快速判断`tell off`的含义,再结合结构灵活使用~