"not only… but" 是并列递进连词,完整形式为 "not only… but also…"("also" 常省略),核心含义是“不仅……而且……”,用于连接两个并列的成分(单词、短语或句子),强调后者比前者更进一步,突出递进关系。
使用时需遵循“平行结构”原则(即连接的两部分语法形式一致),以下分场景说明:
两部分需保持相同的语法结构,确保逻辑一致。
连接名词(作主语、表语、宾语等):
She is not only a singer but (also) a dancer.
(她不仅是歌手,还是舞者。——连接表语)
Not only my sister but (also) my brother loves painting.
(不仅我姐姐,我哥哥也喜欢画画。——连接主语,谓语动词随“就近原则”用单数)
连接动词/动词短语:
He not only plays the guitar but (also) writes songs.
(他不仅弹吉他,还写歌。——连接谓语动词)
We not only went to the museum but (also) visited the art gallery.
(我们不仅去了博物馆,还参观了美术馆。——连接谓语短语)
连接形容词/副词:
The book is not only interesting but (also) educational.
(这本书不仅有趣,还很有教育意义。——连接表语形容词)
She speaks not only clearly but (also) confidently.
(她说话不仅清晰,还很自信。——连接状语副词)
当 "not only" 置于句首时,其引导的前句需部分倒装(将助动词/be动词/情态动词提前至主语前),而 "but (also)" 引导的后句保持正常语序。
正常语序:She not only passed the exam but (also) got full marks.
(她不仅通过了考试,还得了满分。)
倒装语序(not only 句首):Not only did she pass the exam, but she got full marks.
(注:原句谓语是 "passed",倒装时需借助助动词 "did",主语 "she" 后接动词原形 "pass"。)
再比如:
Not only can he play basketball, but he also plays it very well.
(他不仅会打篮球,而且打得很好。——情态动词 "can" 提前至主语前)
"also" 是可选成分,以下情况常省略:
连接的成分较简短,不影响理解时:They not only talked but laughed.(他们不仅聊天,还大笑。)
为了句子简洁,避免重复时:I not only like coffee but tea.(我不仅喜欢咖啡,还喜欢茶。)
1、 平行结构是关键:连接的两部分必须语法一致,否则会出错。
❌ 错误:He not only likes reading but also to write.(reading 是动名词,to write 是不定式,不平行)
✅ 正确:He not only likes reading but also likes writing.(均为动名词)
或更简洁:He likes not only reading but also writing.(将 "like" 提前,连接两个宾语)
2、 倒装仅适用于 "not only" 句首的情况:若 "not only" 不在句首,无需倒装。
❌ 错误:She not only did pass the exam but got full marks.(not only 不在句首,无需倒装)
✅ 正确:She not only passed the exam but got full marks.
3、 “就近原则” 适用于连接主语:当 "not only… but (also)…" 连接两个主语时,谓语动词的单复数随靠近谓语的主语变化。
Not only the teacher but also the students are interested in the topic.
(不仅老师,学生们也对这个话题感兴趣。——谓语随 "students" 用复数 "are")
"not only… but… as well":与 "not only… but also…" 同义,更口语化。
She is not only smart but hardworking as well.(她不仅聪明,还很勤奋。)
"not only… but also… even":加强递进语气。
He not only finished the task but also even exceeded expectations.(他不仅完成了任务,甚至超出了预期。)
总结:"not only… but" 核心是递进,关键是平行结构,倒装只在 "not only" 句首时触发。掌握这些规则,就能准确使用啦!