“be supported by”是被动语态短语,源于及物动词“support”(支持、支撑、资助、证明),核心含义是“被……支持/支撑/资助/依据”。具体语义和用法需结合语境判断,以下是常见场景及示例:
“be supported by”的关键是被动承受“support”的动作,“by”后接动作的执行者/来源(即“支持者、支撑物、资助方、依据来源”)。
根据“support”的不同语义,“be supported by”可分为4类常见用法:
指得到他人/群体的鼓励、帮助或认可(最常用义)。
She was supported by her friends when she lost her job.(她失业时得到了朋友的支持。)
The policy is supported by most citizens.(这项政策得到了大多数公民的支持。)
指物体被某物托住、承载(强调结构或物理支撑)。
The bridge is supported by steel cables.(这座桥由钢缆支撑。)
The shelf is supported by two strong brackets.(这个架子由两个结实的支架支撑。)
指项目、活动或个人得到资金、物资支持。
The research is supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation.(这项研究由国家科学基金会的拨款资助。)
The charity event is supported by several local businesses.(这场慈善活动由几家本地企业赞助。)
指观点、理论或说法有数据、研究等作为支撑(强调合理性)。
His claim is supported by detailed statistics.(他的主张有详细的统计数据支持。)
The hypothesis is supported by experiments conducted in three different labs.(这个假设得到了三个不同实验室的实验支持。)
“be supported by”中的“be”需根据时态、主语单复数变化:
一般现在时:is/are supported by(The theory is supported by data.)
一般过去时:was/were supported by(She was supported by her family last year.)
现在完成时:has/have been supported by(The project has been supported by the government since 2020.)
“be supported by”的核心是“被X(人/物/机构/证据)支持”,具体语义随“X”的类型调整——X是人则为“情感支持”,X是物体则为“物理支撑”,X是资金/机构则为“资助”,X是数据/研究则为“依据”。
一句话记住:只要是“被某物/某人给了‘support’(支持/支撑/资助/证明)”,就用“be supported by + 那个‘某物/某人’”。