"penalty for" 是一个介词短语,表示“因……而受的处罚/惩罚;对……的处罚”,强调“处罚的原因”(即“因为做了某事/发生了某情况而受到惩罚”)。
"penalty for" 后面通常接名词或动名词(doing),说明“被惩罚的行为/原因”。常见搭配和句型如下:
直接说明“对某行为/情况的处罚”,常作主语、宾语或表语。
The penalty for theft in this country is up to 10 years in prison.(这个国家对偷窃的处罚最高可达10年监禁。)
There’s a heavy penalty for late payment of bills.(逾期付账单会有很重的处罚。)
Speeding? The penalty for that is a fine or points on your license.(超速?对此的处罚是罚款或驾照扣分。)
与表示“施加、遭受、付出”的动词连用,说明“谁因什么受罚”:
impose a penalty for:对……施加处罚
The school imposed a penalty for cheating in exams.(学校对考试作弊施加了处罚。)
face/receive/get a penalty for:因……面临/受到处罚
He received a penalty for parking in a no-parking zone.(他因在禁停区停车而受罚。)
pay the penalty for:为……付出代价(引申义,不一定是法律处罚)
She paid the penalty for not preparing—she failed the job interview.(她为没准备付出了代价——面试失败了。)
在复合句中,"penalty for" 可明确“处罚的原因”:
If you break the rules, you’ll have to accept the penalty for your actions.(如果你违反规定,就得接受对你行为的处罚。)
The judge explained the penalty for drunk driving to the defendant.(法官向被告解释了酒后驾驶的处罚。)
"penalty for" 强调“原因”(因某事受罚);
类似短语 "penalty on" 强调“对象”(对某人/某物的处罚),如:The government placed a penalty on polluting factories.(政府对污染工厂施加了处罚。)
"penalty for" 是表达“因……受罚”的核心短语,关键是通过后面的名词/动名词点明“处罚的原因”,常见于法律、规则、日常后果等场景。